中考英语--定语从句的专项讲解+练习

定语专项讲解

下面有八个短语，你能按照下面的要求完成任务吗？

+练习

1. 划出八个短语中修饰名词的词，它们是什么呢？给它们分分类吧我们所这些修饰名词的词，叫做定语；定语就是对名词进行修饰的。2. 你能把这些修饰名词的定语翻译出来吗？你觉得哪种最难翻译？

.

1.某些趣事2.我们学校3.Bob的房间4.他昨天买的书

形容词 something interesting名词所有格

our school

物主代词 Bob’s room从句 the book he bought

从句 the student who/that can sing动词短语 the first person to get to school动词短语 a good place to eat dinner形容词短语 the people interested in music形容词短语 the school not far from here3个大家熟知会写，后

5个觉得稍难，今天就来听听不一样的讲

5.会唱歌的那个学生6.第一个到学校的人7.一个吃饭的好地方8.对音乐感兴趣的人9.离这儿不远的学校答案不得而知了，除了前解呢。

我们来看下面的四组例子

A：他昨天买了书。He bought the book. B：他昨天买的书 the book that / which / / he bought例子1

A：那个学生会唱歌。That student can sing.

B：那个例子2会唱歌的学生 that student who/that can sing

A: 人对音乐感兴趣。 The people are interested in music.

例子3

B:对音乐感兴趣的人 the people who/that are interested in music the people interested in music

A:学校离我们这不远。 The school is not far from here.例子4

B:离我们这不远的学校 the school that/which is not far from here the school not far from here你发现了什么吗？

A组例子，全是句子，要么是主谓宾，要么是主系表

B组例子，全是带有修饰成分的名词短语，这些修饰成分有：从句，形容词短语，注意：当从句修饰名词时，我们这这一句子称之为“定语从句”

定语从句和名词之间，要添加适当的关系代词，

那关系代词有哪些，怎么区分这些关系代词呢？

人 + who / that / ... + 主谓名词

定语从句

the boy (who /that) I know

the man (who /that) she will never forget

人 + who / that + 动宾名词

定语从句

the boy who /that knows me

the man who /that will never forget her

物 + which / that / ... + 主谓名词

定语从句

the flowers (which /that) she plantsthe speech (which /that) I gave yesterday

物 + which / that + 动宾名词

定语从句

the flowers which /that grow in the gardenthe speech which /that was given yesterday

通过在四组例子，有没有发现什么容易掌握的规律呢？

关系代词 that，既可以用于所修饰的名词是人的，也可以用于修饰的名词是物的；关系代词 who, 用于所修饰的名词是人；关系代词关系代词什么时候可以省略？当定语从句的结构是这些技能你get到了吗？下面来小试身手吧。【真题集锦】

33.“Underground”is the only word in the English language ____begins and ends with the letters “und”．

A. what D. whom

33.—Why don’t you like fishing?

—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I

A.who

cannot get at home.

A. that

【摸底试题】

34. This is the house _______ we lived in last year.

A. which B. what C. where D. whom

32. No matter where we are, when the Spring Festival comes, the family are always the people ______ we want to meet.

A. which B. when C. what D. who

B. who

C. whom

D. what

B. that

’m not patient at all.

D. what

C. it

B. that

C. who

which，用于所修饰的名词是物；“主语+谓语”时可以省略

32. Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience______people

答案：BBAAD

【定语从句巩固训练】

1.－Do you know the man______is running along the street? －Yes. He is our English teacher. A. who B. which 2.I like places ______ it A. /

D. there

3. Shaolin Temple(少林寺) _____lies(位于) in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A.where

B.which

C.who

D.what

4.－Barbara, where do you work?

－I work for a company ________sells cars.A.which

D.who

5.－Do you know Hong Zhanhui?

－Yes. He's the college student __________has moved Chinese people a lot. A.who

D.whom

6.This is the city ________ I visited 10 years ago. A.where

D. why

7.I’m a sports fan. I A. that when

8.Even teachers can't understand some expressions(常用语) ________their students use in daily life. A.whose

B.who

C.that

D.whom

9.Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, 景). A.where

D.what

10.This is the dictionary _______Mum gave me for my birthday. A.which

B.what

C.when

D.whom

11.—The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn't it?

—Yes,it has built many schools____those children can study happily. A.where

B.when

C.which

D. what

答案：1--5 ACBAA 6--10 BACAA 11.A

B.when

C.which

_______we will enjoy the beautiful sights(风

’m interested in everything ______ is about the Olympics in Beijing.

B. who

C. where

D.

B. /

C. who

B.which

C.what

B.where

C.what

B. which

C. whom

’s not cold in winter.

C. where

D./

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．

假如你是李华，你的英国笔友

Jack 给你写邮件表达了想参加你校暑期为外国学生举办

的汉语夏令营的愿望，希望你告知活动举办的具体时间地点，活动安排以及你的建议。提示词语： Chinese classes, learn, attend, culture, prepare

提示问题：● When and where will the Chinese Summer Camp be held?● What activities will be held at the Chinese Summer Camp?● What is your advice for Jack?

Dear Jack,

I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in ourschool this summer holiday . .Yours,Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jack,

I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in our school this summer holiday.

The Chinese Summer Camp will be held in our school from July 10th to July 30th this summer. The activities of this Chinese Summer Camp are as follows:

First, you will attend Chinese classes, learning the meaning of Chinese characters.

Second, you will take part in different parties, knowing the history of China and Chinese culture, especially Chinese holidays, which will impress you deeply.

What’s more, you will have chances to visit some museums and the Great Wall. What you should prepare is a pair of shoes for the visit.

If you have any questions, please tell me. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours, Li Hua

【解析】【详解】

1.题干解读：这是一篇提纲类书面表达，只给了一些要点提示，但都不很明确。学生除了要把所给要点提示都表达出来外，还要进行适当拓展，使文章内容充实。2.例文点评：该题要求写作体裁为书信格式，所以例文用第一人称

I进行写作，在文章结尾

也按照标准书信格式进行了收尾。文章时态用一般现在时和一般将来时。文章条理分明，三个要点提示都已表达清楚，并进行了适当拓展，所给单词也都全部用上。3.高分亮点：

’s more短语：as follows，take part in，What，look forward to。句型：被动句型，现在分词作状语，主语从句。

3．请你根据以下内容提示Wang Qiang身上的一件事。1.上周一放学后

,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你好朋友王强

Wang Qiang骑车回家,在十字路口,看到一位老太太正要过马路。

2.当时交通灯坏了,所有车辆都一个接一个通过十字路口。3.老太太犹豫不决,不敢独自穿过十字路口。4.王强看到这种情况

,主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口。

5.请就此事谈谈你的看法

......

要求: 1.短文要包括以上所有要点。2.行文连贯,可适当发挥。3.词数:80-100。开头部分已给

出,不计入总词数。

参考词汇:十字路口 crossroads 在……犹豫不决 hesitate in

Last Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back

home._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Last Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back home. On his way home, at a crossroads he saw an old lady going across the road. Because the traffic lights didn

’the traffic crossed the road without stopping one by one. The lady hesitated in whether she should cross it, but she was afraid to do that When Wang Qiang saw that, he offered to stop the traffic with his bike in order to lead her to cross the road safely.

In my opinion, Wang Qiang is such a good example that we should learn from him. At the same time we also suggest that all the drivers should let people cross first and then traffic when this situation happens.【解析】【分析】

这是一篇给材料作文，介绍发生在我的好朋友王强身上的一件事。【详解】

结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：The

lady hesitated

，……but she was afraid

，……he offered to

，……Wang Qiang is

…等句式的应用。

..写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】

本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了王强骑车回家的路上看见一位老太太不敢过马路，接下来介绍他主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口，最后我就这件事谈谈我的想

法。此处on one’s way, see sb doing sth, at that time, without doing sth, offer to do sth, learn

t work at that time, a

from等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。

4．马上要初中毕业了，大家都是依依不舍的。班主任决定在下周举办一场School”　主题班会 , 邀请全班同学参加。请你根据以下提示，写一篇发言稿。

“My Life At

美好的回忆

1.与同学融洽相处；3.获得交换生机会；

2.得到老师的帮助； 4.参加志愿者活动。 2.不擅长语文写作。

不开心的事情1.好朋友李华转学；1. 升上理想的学校；

未来展望

2. 能结识更多朋友；3. 请你补充(至少两点)

My Life At School

How time flies! It's unbelievable that I'm going to graduate from my beloved school. 【答案】My Life At SchoolHow time flies! It

’s unbelievable that I

’m going to graduate from my beloved school. There are

many things to remember.

In the junior school, I got along well with my classmates. The teachers are very friendly and they are ready to help me. The most unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia. I learned a lot from the experience. I also remember I served as volunteer to help others. Certainly, there were also unhappy things. My good friend Li Hua went to another school. I was very sad. Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at Chinese writing.

I hope I can go to a dream school and make more new friends. I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.【解析】【详解】

这篇作文要求我们以

My Life At School为题，写一篇发言稿。题目中利用表格的形式，展示

了文章的具体内容，学生们可以此为提纲进行写作。审题可知，这篇短文应主要使用一般

现在时和一般过去时，注意根据表达需要使用正确时态，并注意谓语动词的正确形式。内容应主要包括三部分：首先是初中三年里的美好回忆；然后是不开心的事情；最后展望自己未来的高中生活。表格中有非常具体的提示，但不能逐词翻译表格中的短语，应把他们变成自己的话，并用英语表达出来。写作时应注意：文章中应包括表格中的所有信息，不能遗漏要点；第三部分的内容中还需要自己发挥想象力进行补充，注意应合情合理，与上文很好地衔接。另外注意句式结构要符合英语的表达习惯，用完整的句子表达。句式结构可以简单句为基础，穿插并列句、复合句以及其他复杂句式的使用，提升作文档次。同时语句之间使用适当的连接成分，使文意连贯、自然。【点睛】

这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，回忆了自己的初中生活，并展望了未来。短文有以下几个特点：首先文章内容完整，结构清晰。短文分三段，第一段基本是题目中给出的开头，作者使用一句话引出下文；第二段是主体，介绍了过去美好的回忆以及不开心的事情；最后一段对未来进行了展望。各部分内容安排合理，有层次、有条理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范，用词准确，注意了动词正确形式的变化。句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。语言准确、得体，表达自然、流畅。短文中使用了丰富的句型和短语，如

The teachers are very friendly and they are ready to help me. The most

unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia.Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at Chinese writing.I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.等。

5．书面表达

暑假即将来临,对于如何安排孩子初中毕业后的第一个假期法。根据下表提示点。

,写一篇英语短文,描述他们的不同看法

,家长们和孩子自己有着各自的想,同时发表你自己对暑假安排的观

Parents' opinionsGet ready for high school. Do some housework…

Kid's opinionsHave a good rest. Do some sightseeing…

Your opinion…

注意]

(1)表格中的观点仅供参考

,允许适当发挥;

(2)开头已给出,不计入总词数;(3)文中不得出现真实姓名和校名等信息(4)词数:不少于80。

;

How will you spend the coming summer vacation? Parents and kids have their own opinions. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】How will you spend the coming summer vacation? Parents and kids have their own opinions.

Some parents think kids should get ready for high school in the sum?mer so it's important to take summer courses. They also think kids can help do housework to learn some life skills. But the kids disagree. They think it's time to take a good rest. They need to hang out with their friends to go sightseeing.

In my opinion we can have a talk with our parents. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. We need to relax ourselves after working so hard at school. It's good for us to do some sports.【解析】【详解】

这是一篇给材料作文，本文已经给出了主要写作要点，动笔前要先认真阅读要点，然后围绕要点适当发挥．写作中，应注意描述的全面性，尽量将提示的内容利用上；结合材料内容，可知本文主要是第三人称，一般现在时态进行叙述．语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯．适当使用连词，做到上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系．【点睛】

这篇短文用到了一些好的句型：

They also think kids can help do housework to learn some life

skills. But the kids disagree. They think it's time to take a good rest. They need to hang out with their friends to go sightseeing.这些给文章增色不少。

6．请你根据以下内容提示，以介绍在玲玲身上发生的一件事。

“The Story of Lingling为题，为社区宣传专栏写一篇短文，”

（1）上周晚饭后玲玲和妈妈一起出去散步，在社区的门口看见一个钱包；（2）玲玲把钱包捡起，发现钱包里有身份证和一些钱；

（3）玲玲和妈妈把钱包交给保安，保安把这个消息发到小区的微信群中；（4）失主看到消息后，过来取回钱包并对玲玲和妈妈表示感谢；（5）你觉得……

参考词汇：社区 community 身份证 ID card 保安 guard 微信群 Wechat group 失主owner要求：

（1）词数：80～100个。

（2）短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

The Story of Lingling

Last

week_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】The Story of Lingling

Last Friday, Lingling went out for a walk with her mother after supper. She saw a wallet at the door of the community. Lingling picked up her wallet and found that there were ID cards and some money in it. Lingling and her mother handed the wallet to the security guard, who sent the news to the microphone group in the community. When the owner saw the news, he came to fetch her wallet and thanked Lingling and her mother. .I think Li Hua did a good deed.We should learn from her.【解析】【详解】

本文是一篇给材料作文。根据以下内容提示，以

“The Story of Lingling为题，为社区宣传专”

栏写一篇短文，介绍在玲玲身上发生的一件事。文章时态用一般过去时，人称主要为第三人称。本文所给材料比较详细，考生要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，并可适当发挥。在写作时，注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。【点睛】

点睛：首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。

7．假如你是韩梅，你的一位英国笔友Kate发来电子邮件，说她下星期来中国，她向你询

80～

问中国的餐桌礼仪。请你根据下面提示给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关情况。词数100。

提示：1.让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜；4.等大家都到齐了才开始吃；

2.不要用筷子敲碗；

3.不要将手伸到饭桌对面夹菜；

……

5.为主人的长寿、健康、成功干杯

Dear kate，

I’m glad to receive your email. Now I want to tell you something about the Chinese table manners.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

【答案】Dear Kate,

I’m glad to receive your email. Now I want to tell you something about the chinese table manners.In China. the host or hostess doesn

’t eat every dish first until the guests and elders begin. You

’t reach across the table or in front of someone

can’t tap bowls with the chopsticks. You shouldnlongevity, good health or success of the host or hostess.Welcome to China!

to get something to eat. You can eat until everyone is at the table. Besides, you should toast

Yours,Han Mei

【解析】【详解】

本文是书信写作，注意书信写作格式，开头与结尾。把自己当做韩梅，切不可在文中出现自己的真实名字等信息。要求根据内容要点来写作。学生首先要认真阅读材料中给出的短语及相关信息,认真审题,确定文章的中心。在写作的文章具有一定的连贯性一些连接词,使文章的表达更有逻辑性和条理性。写作时还要注意入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯；3.写完后要认真检查是否有漏写要点句型：In China.在中国。the host or hostess doesn

,还应注意使用

:1.书写规范；2.可适当加,有无拼写错误等。高分

’t eat every dish first until the guests and

You shouldn

’t reach

elders begin.在客人和长辈开始用餐之前，主人不会先把每道菜都吃完。across the table or in front of someone to get something to eat.

你不应该越过桌子或在别人面

前拿东西吃。Besides, you should toast longevity, good health or success of the host or hostess.此外，你应该为主人的长寿、健康或成功干杯。【点睛】

注意写作过程中，将要点展开并表达清楚，注意使用英语的经典句型

,避免出现汉语表达。

8．马上就要毕业了, 班里的同学都在讨论应该如何庆祝初中毕业。以下是你的三位朋友的

想法和理由。请用英语简要介绍他们的打算，并谈谈自己独特的想法。为父母煮一餐饭;感谢他们的付出--Tom做义工;

证明自己长大了，有能力帮助他人---Cathy

举行聚会; 放松心情、开心一下--Jane…….;……--You注意：

1．词数在80左右。（短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）

2．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当增加细节。行文连贯，表达清楚，书写规范。3．不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。提示词：义工

volunteer(n.)

These days, students in our class are discussing how to celebrate our graduation.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】These days, students in our class are discussing how to celebrate our graduation. Here are some ideas from my friends.

Jane plans to hold a big party with her friends to relax and have fun. Tom will cook a big meal for his parents. He wants to thank them for what they have done for him. Cathy is going to be a volunteer. She wants to show others that she has grown up and is able to help those in need.As for me, I will go traveling around with my friends. Traveling can not only enrich my knowledge but also leave me a good memory with my friends.

【解析】试题分析：这是一篇话题作文。本文给出了一些要点。仔细审阅题意，不要遗漏要点，并适当发挥。我们要做的就是用正确的英语把要点表达出来。根据材料内容可知本文主要是用一般将来时来写。写作中要适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。

【写作亮点】这篇短文语句通顺，表达准确。特别一些固定句型和短语的运用，使文章增色，例如，plan to，not only 总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语条理。

…but also等，上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。学习中注意…,写作时就可以适当引用

,使文章的表达更有逻辑性

,更富有

9．（B）按要求完成大作文（80词左右）

“低碳”生活的中学生，

“绿

节约资源，保护环境，从我们身边的小事做起。假设你是一个注重请以“My Green Life为题写一篇短文，简单谈谈”

“绿色生活”的重要性，以及你所倡导的

色生活”方式。写作要求：词数

80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数，不得透露姓名等个人信息。

【答案】My Green Life

As the environment goes worse and worse, I think living a green life is really important for every one of us. Only when we live a green life can we have a better living environment. As for me, in my daily life, I often go to school by bike. It can not only help exercise myself, but also makes contribution to protecting the environment. Besides, I always turn off the lights whenever I am out to save energy. I hope everyone can live a green life.【解析】【分析】

本文主题关于绿色生活，环境保护，注意文章内容。【详解】

首先点明如今的生活环境，越来越差，绿色生活势在必行。其次点明绿色生活的重要性。然后说我在日常生活中对绿色出行作出的贡献，骑自行车，出门关灯等。最后呼吁大家一起努力。【点睛】

首先正确理解作文题目，不要偏题，本文是关于绿色生活，它的重要性，以及你在日常生活中是如何践行绿色生活的。其次，在语句正确的基础上，多运用连词，使文章升华，长短句结合，使文章更上一档次。