第四节 条件状语从句
概述: 条件状语从句表示主句谓语行为发生的条件,通常可由以下连词引导:if(如果), unless (除非,若不)= (only) if… not,as long as= only if 只要,provided (that) 假若, suppose (supposing)假设,providing (that)假若,on condition (that) 如果,so long as 只要,in case 如果,以防,等。条件状语从句分为“真实条件句和虚拟条件句”。
一. 真实条件句:表示可能实现的条件。 1.if引导。 如:
(1) If you heat the water to 100℃, it will turn into vapour. 如果把水加热到100度,水会变成蒸汽。 (2) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay (at) home. 假如明天下雨,我们将呆在家里。
说明:以上两个句子是“主将从现”结构,即“主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在
时。经常出现在“主将从现”结构中的标志词或短语有:if , as soon as , once , the moment (一……就……),every time,when. 2.unless引导。 如:
(1) I shall come back on Friday unless it rains. 除非下雨,否则我星期五回来。 (2) Unless you practise a lot, you will fail the exam. =If you don’t practise a lot, you will fail the exam.
除非多练习,否则你通不过考试=你如果不多练习,考试就会通不过。 3.as long as 或so long as 引导,两者意思相同。译为“只要……”。 如: (1) You can go anywhere you want to go as /so long as you have enough money. 只要你有足够的钱,你可以去任何你想去的地方。
(2) As long as I have enough time, I ‘m sure I can work out this problem. 只要有足够的时间,我就能做出那道题。 4.provided (that)引导,译为“假若”。 如:
(1) I will let you use the room provided that you keep it clean and tidy. 如果你能保持干净整洁,我可以让你使用这个房间。
(2) Provided that the lessons are interesting, the students will very like to learn them. 假如课程很有意思,学生们会很愿意学习的。 5.suppose 或supposing 引导,译为“假设”。 如:
Supposing we can’t finish the work on time, what will she say? 假如我们不能按时完成工作,她会说什么呢? 6.on condition (that) 引导,译为“如果”。 如:
I will lend you my bike on condition that you can return it to me a little earlier. 如果你能早一点还回来的话,我将把自行车借给你。 7.in case引导,译为“如果,万一,以防”。 如: (1) Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 随身带一把雨伞以防下雨。
(2) Please remind me of that again tomorrow in case I forget . 明天请再提醒我一次以防我忘了。
(3) Give me a phone call in case you have any difficulty.
万一有什么困难,请给我打电话。
说明:这一部分,主要记住以上这些起引导作用的连词或短语的含意即可,万一在考试题目 的句子中出现,能不慌乱。否则,一旦遇到以前没见过的短语,会对理解句子产生不 利影响,进而影响答题。 二.虚拟条件句。
这部分内容主要涉及虚拟语气的用法,所以此处暂时省略不讲了,具体参照虚拟语气 一章的内容。