2021年北京市高考英语试卷含答案解析(原卷版)

绝密★启用前

2021年北京市高考英语试卷

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

注意事项:

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）

A

If you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship(实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you. Who can apply?

●You have completed your full-time university studies; or You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.

●Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.

What are the requirements? ●You must be at least 20 years old.

●You should have a good command(掌握) of either English or French. ●You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.

●You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment. ●You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills. What do you need to prepare?

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●Visa: You should obtain the necessary visas.

●Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.

●Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid(有效的) in the target country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30, 000 for the internship period.

●Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.

●Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form. Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.

1. According to this passage, applicants are required to ______. A. hold a master's degree in science B. have international work experience C. be fluent in either English or French D. present a letter from a technical institution

2. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period? A. Limited medical insurance coverage. B. Training in communication skills. C. A medical certificate for work. D. Financial support for travel.

3. What should applicants do before filling out the application form? A. Contact UNESCO managers. C. Keep a motivation letter at hand.

B. Get access to the database. D. Work in a team for six months.

B

I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(学期) project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC). My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I

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had in mind.

Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits—one kit, one child.

The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.

In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.

4. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning? A. It would affect his/her initial plans. B. It would involve traveling overseas. C. It would not bring him/her a good grade. D. It would not live up to his/her expectations.

5. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project? A. Images of Iraqi children. C. A teacher's introduction.

B. Research by his/her classmates. D. A representative's comments.

6. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to ______ . A. become OIC volunteers C. study in foreign countries

B. further their education D. influence other children

7. What can we conclude from this passage? A. One's potential cannot always be underrated. B. First impression cannot always be trusted.

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C. Actions speak louder than words. D. He who hesitates is lost.

C

Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as \"a credible scenario(情景) this century\".

A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway. The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.

The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the \"ecological footprint\" concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity,\"it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,\" Johnson said in an email.

Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hope to reduce their \"speed, severity and harm\". And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote, Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品) In the incurable form of hope.

The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. \"Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,\" they say,\"and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.\"

8. What does the underlined word \"germane\" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

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A. Scientific. B. Credible. C. Original. D. Relevant.

9. As for the public awareness of global collapse,the author is ______ . A. worried

B. puzzled

C. surprised

D. scared

10. What can we learn from this passage?

A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits. B. The author agrees with the message of the poem. C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized. D. The global collapse is well underway.

D

Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.

Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life? We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?

Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you'll see the opposite effect.

The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to

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atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people \"corrected\" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.

When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time's most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.

11. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. B. Everyone can define time on their own terms. C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.

12. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ______. A. present an assumption C. highlight an experiment

13. What can we learn from this passage?

A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers' temporal frame. 14. What can we infer from this passage? A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time. B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless. C. We should live in harmony with nature. D. History is a mirror reflecting reality.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

B. evaluate an argument D. introduce an approach

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Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. (1) The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.

(2) However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting(分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. (3) While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.

When it comes to heart health, there is speculation(推测) that it's not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. (4) On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.

(5) But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.

A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.

15. A. A

B. B G. G B. B G. G B. B G. G

C. C D. D E. E

F. F

16. A. A

C. C D. D E. E

F. F

17. A. A

C. C D. D E. E

F. F

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18. A. A

B. B G. G B. B G. G

C. C D. D E. E

F. F

19. A. A

C. C D. D E. E

F. F

三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共15.0分）

Recently, I took a trip home by train. I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept (20) a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. The woman's eye fell on the man's face, and she immediately looked down and (21) her scarf. As the night wore on, people began to close their eyes, but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any (22) . The woman looked over at the man. He was still staring at her. She looked back at him with fire in her eyes. I was beginning to get (23) , too. The train moved on. The little boy was (24) awake on his mother's lap, but the woman dropped off to sleep. A moment later, he began to (25) the half-open window—one leg went over it. The man jumped up and (26) the child just before he fell out. The (27) woke up the woman. She seemed to be in (28) , and then reality dawned(显现). \"Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window,\" the man said as he gave the child back to her. \"So I have been watching the whole time.\" The woman was (29) , and so was I. 20. A. guiding 21. A. adjusted 22. A. air 23. A. nervous 24. A. almost 25. A. drag 26. A. grabbed 27. A. alarm 28. A. sorrow

B. bothering B. changed B. joy B. embarrassed B. still B. climb B. rocked B. quarrel B. relief

C. watching C. packed C. space C. angry C. hardly C. knock C. touched C. risk C. panic C. concerned

第II卷（非选择题）

D. monitoring D. waved D. rest D. disappointed D. even D. push D. picked D. noise D. pain D. inspired

29. A. astonished B. confused

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

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30. A

Why do we dream? Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have diverse (1) (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through

everything (2) happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it (3) (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. B

Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home (4) a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about (5) she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could (6) (safe) wait for the police to take her home.

C

There (7) (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (8) (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, (9) (result) in USD2, 970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (10) (invest) in disaster prevention.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

五、阅读表达（本大题共1小题，共12.0分）

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31. Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it

is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back.

There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up(激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.

Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study,2, 000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity(情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.

Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.

It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.

(1) According to this passage, what is arguing??

________________________________________________

(2) Why is it that \"the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument\". __________________________________________________________________

(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.

__________________________________________________________________

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(4) In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? (In about 40 words)

__________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20.0分）

32. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能

赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达歉意并说明原因； 2.提出建议并给出理由。 注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim，

___________________________________ Yours， Li Hua

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答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、A、C

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织的一项实习计划，包括申请人资格、要求和申请前的准备工作等相关信息。

1. 根据What are the requirements?部分●You should have a good command(掌握) of either English or French.（你应该精通英语或法语。）可知，C项（精通英语或法语）与文意相符。故选C。 2. 根据What do you need to prepare?部分UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30, 000 for the internship period.（联合国教科文组织将在实习期间提供最高30000美元的有限保险。）可知，联合国教科文组织将为实习期提供有限的医疗保险。故选A。

3. 根据What do you need to prepare?部分●Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.（激励函：在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的激励函。）可知，C项（手头上要有一封激励信。）与文意相符。故选C。

4~7.【答案】D、A、B、B

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇故事类记叙文，主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织（OIC)，开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育。

1. 根据第一段中的My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，作者开始感到加入OIC不会达到他/她的期望。故选D。

2. 结合第二段中的When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits- one kit, one child.（当我上网访问会议组织的网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸是如此有力地传达了他们的绝望和需要，所以我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。我们决定收集尽可能多的学习用品，把它们做成套件——一个套件，一个孩子。）可推出，伊拉克儿童的形象主要帮助作者改变了对这个项目的态度。结合选项，A项符合语境。故选A。

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3. 根据最后一段中的With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.（在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的OIC项目组将帮助10名伊拉克儿童继续他们的教育。结合选项，B项符合题意。故选B。

4. 通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织（OIC），开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育，由此可推断第一印象不能总是可信的。结合选项，B项符合语境。故选B。

8~10.【答案】D、A、B

【解析】【文章大意】文章阐述了全球崩塌〈global collapse)的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌\"\"的风险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。

1. 根据原文第三段中的The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations.（在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。）可知，划线的单词可能是“相关的”意思。故选D。 2.

根据原文第五段中的And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.（然而，预示即将到来的信号很可能被忽视。我们都希望事情会好转。）可知，至于公众对全球崩塌的认识，作者是担心的。故选A。 3.

根据原文第五段中的Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hope to reduce their \"speed, severity and harm\".（12月的警告信说，只有我们讨论生物物理极限的后果，我们才有希望降低它们的\"速度、严重程度和危害\"。）Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品) In the incurable form of hope. （人是毒品的牺牲品，它是不可救药的希望形式。）可知，我们能从这篇文章中得知作者同意这首诗所传达的信息。故选B。

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11~14.【答案】B、D、C、C

【解析】【文章大意】文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。 1. 根据原文第一段中的Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.（即使是高级物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是多少，因为答案取决于你问的问题。）可知，第一段的主要思想是每个人都可以根据自己的条件定义时间。故选B。

2. 根据第二段的We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)进而提出问题What if our definition of time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)，结合前两个问题What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecologyWhat if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。

3. 根据第三段的We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect.（如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C项。

4. 根据原文倒数第二段中T的emporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.（与环境的时间联系对他们的生活至关重要生存。同样，我们正在开发的河流时间和其他计时系统可能会鼓励环保意识。）可知，从这篇文章中我们能推断出我们应该与自然和谐相处。故选C。

15~19.【答案】F、B、D、G、E

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【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。

1. 根据空后The mental health benefits from music can't be argued（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的。）可知， F项（由于对压力和焦虑的个性化影响，它也非常受欢迎）中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefts，可以引出下文，因此F项切合题意。故选F。

2. 设空处是段首句，根据空后However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的。）可知， However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B项（一些专家说，音乐如果太大声可能是有害的）中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B项可以总领下文，切合题意。故选B。

3. 根据空前Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐。）可知， D项（他们说，它在使大脑平静到足以入睡方面发挥重要作用）中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D项可以承接上文，切合题意。故选D。

4. 根据空前In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压。）以及下文On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.（另一方面，当音乐变慢时，参与者的压力和焦虑水平降低，对心率的影响似乎也随之降低。）可知， G项（有趣的是，音乐越欢快，他们的心率就越快）中的heart rates和前后文的heart rates相照应，因此G项可以承上启下，切合题意。故选G。

5. 设空处是段首句，根据空后But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因。）可知，本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处；E项（音乐对整体幸福感的影响确实令人印象深刻）讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E项可以总领下文，切合题意。故选E。

20~29.【答案】C、A、D、C、B、B、A、D、C、A

【解析】【文章大意】本文是记叙文，主要讲述作者在乘坐火车回家的路上发现一位男士一直在盯着一位女士看，其实是在观察孩子，并在孩子爬出窗外之前救了孩子。

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1. 句意：我坐在一位中年男子对面的座位上，他目光敏锐，一直在注视着一位坐在靠窗座位上的年轻女子，她的腿上坐着一个小男孩。A.guiding带领；B.bothering打扰；C. watching看着； D.monitoring监控。根据上文with sharp eyes（有着敏锐的目光）以及下文第二段He was still staring at her.（他仍然盯着她看。）可知，中年男子一直在看着女子。故选C。 2.

A.adjusted调整；B.changed句意：女人的目光落在了男人的脸上，她立刻低下头，整理了一下围巾。改变； C.packed包装； D.waved挥动，根据空格处and前的动词 looked down （低下头）和空格后的scarf（围巾）可知，女人因为感到尴尬而低头故意整理围巾。故选A。 3.

句意：夜渐渐深了，人们开始闭上眼睛，但座位太不舒服了，只有睡得很沉的人才能设法休息。A.air空气；B.joy娱乐；C.space空间；D.rest休息。根据第二段As the night wore on, people began to close their eyes, （夜晚降临了，人们开始闭上他们的眼睛）说明时间是夜晚和后面睡得很沉的人可知，是为了获得一些休息。故选D。 4.

A.nervous紧张的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.angry生气的；D.disappointed句意：我也开始生气了。失望的。根据with fire in her eyes（她的眼里有火）以及空格后too可知，“我”和女人的情绪是一样愤怒生气的。故选C。 5.

句意：小男孩躺在妈妈的腿上还醒着，但是妈妈已经睡着了。A.almost几乎；B.still仍然；C.hardly几乎不；D.even甚至。根据but the woman dropped off to sleep可知，母亲已经睡着，男孩是醒着的，推断出来是仍然醒着的。故选B。 6.

A.drag拖拉；B.climb 爬上；句意：过了一会儿，他开始爬上半开着的窗户——一条腿跨过了窗户。C.knock敲打；D.push推动。根据空格后one leg went over it可知，小孩是在爬窗户，脚才迈了出去。故选B。 7.

句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起来抓住了他。A.grabbed抓着；B.rocked摇晃；C.touched接触；D.picked挑选。根据before he fell out可知，男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他。故选A。 8.

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句意：噪音把那个女人吵醒了。A.alarm 闹钟；B.quarrel吵架；C.risk 风险；D.noise噪音。根据上文The man jumped up and grabbed the child just before he fell out可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大的动静和声音。故选D。 9.

句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白过来。A.sorrow悲伤；B.relief减轻；C.panic恐慌；D.pain痛苦。根据上文 The man jumped up and (7) the child just before he fell out.可知，女人一醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子，女人对男人的印象不好，因此作为母亲一定是很恐慌的。故选C。

10. 句意：女人很惊讶，我也很惊讶。A.astonished惊讶；B.confused困惑的；C.concerned关心的；D.inspired受到鼓舞的。根据空格前的对话\"Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window,\" the man said as he gave the child back to her. \"So I have been watching the whole time.\"（“你的孩子一直在找机会爬出窗户，”男人说着把孩子还给了她。“所以我一直在看。”），可知，女人对男人的印象不好，但是男人却救了他们的孩子，所以最后女人是感到意外和惊讶的。故选A。

30.【答案】【小题1】

ideas 【小题2】 that 【小题3】 connects 【小题4】 on 【小题5】 where 【小题6】 safely 【小题7】 has been 【小题8】 caused

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【小题9】 resulting 【小题10】 to invest

【解析】1. 句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有各种各样的想法。设空前diverse为形容词，表示“多种多样的；不同的”，修饰可数名词的复数形式。故填ideas。

2. 句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会对白天发生的一切进行分类，试图将新的经历与旧的记忆联系起来。此处需要一个连接词引导性定语从句，先行词everything是不定代词，连接词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。

3. 句意：当它将事物联系起来时，你的大脑会把它们变成一个故事，然后你就会做个梦。设空处作谓语，应与本段整体时态一致用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填connects。

4. 句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑自行车回家时，他遇到一位面容忧伤的老妇人独自在街上徘徊。表示在具体的某一天的早上（下午或晚上），应用介词on。故填on。

5. 句意：这个可怜的女人无法告诉他她住在哪里。介词about后面接宾语从句，根据句意可知，此处表示“哪里”，应用连接词where引导该从句。故填where。

6. 句意：萨姆陪她走到附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等待把她带回家。设空处修饰动词wait，应用副词safely作状语。故填safely。

7. 句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，在过去20年中，极端天气事件的数量急剧上升，这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。本句为there be句式，根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，应用现在完成时，主语a dramatic rise为单数名词。故填has been。

8. 句意同上。本句为there be句式，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，前面句子内容与动词cause之间为被动关系，应用动词的-ed形式。故填caused。

9. 句意：从2000年到2019年，全球共发生7348起重大自然灾害，造成经济损失29700亿美元。本句为there be句式，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，前面句子内容与result in之间为主动关系，且表示合乎逻辑的结果，应用动词的-ing形式。故填resulting。

10. 句意：调查结果表明，迫切需要对灾害预防进行投资。设空前need是名词，表示“需要，迫切要求”，其后常接动词不定式作定语。故填to invest。

31.【答案】【小题1】

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Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party. 【小题2】

It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life. 【小题3】

Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity. 【小题4】

Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with each other.

1. 根据第二段中的Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the 【解析】

feelings and issues related to those concerns.（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故填Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party。 2. 根据第四段 Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.

3. 根据第一段Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.（最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.

4. 解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案为Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their

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relationship with each other.

32.【答案】Dear Jim

How is everything going? We have planned to go for a walk in Haidian Park this weekend, where we could enjoy the beautiful scenery of early spring. But I am afraid I couldn't make it.

I was severely injured in a soccer game last night. The doctor examined me carefully and told me that I had to stay in bed for at least one week. I asked him whether there was any possibility that I could recover faster, yet the answer was negative. My condition doesn't allow me to go anywhere until my legs are fully recovered.

It is a pity for me to miss this trip that I have been longing for. Shall we put it off until next weekend if the weather permits? Looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Hua

【解析】略【思路点拨】

这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。 【亮点词汇】 ①go for a walk散步 ②at least至少 ③negative消极的

④be fully recovered完全康复 【高分句型】

①We have planned to go for a walk in Haidian Park this weekend, where we could enjoy the beautiful scenery of early spring.（where引导的非性定语从句）

②The doctor examined me carefully and told me that I had to stay in bed for at least one week.（that引导的宾语从句）

③It is a pity for me to miss this trip that I have been longing for.（that引导的定语从句） 【结构布局】

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引言：表达歉意 中心：说明原因 结尾：推迟约会 【拓展词汇】

①historic sites历史遗迹

②local customs and practices风土人情 ③beyond description难以描述 【拓展句型】

①We'll try out best to make your trip a pleasant experience.我们将尽力让你的旅行成为一段愉快的经历。

②With the help of the subway network, traffic jams and road accidents have been reduced significantly.有了地铁，交通堵塞和交通事故已经明显减少。

③Located/Situated on ..., this beautiful old city has become a popular tourist attraction recently.位于……，这座美丽的古城最近成了受欢迎的旅游胜地。

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