高中英语Unit 2 Sporting events 1牛津版必修四.doc

I 词语辨析

1、take part in / join / attend / join in

take part in：参加、加入（成为其中的一员），后接活动名词 e.g. Did you take part in the sports meeting last week? I take part in all kinds of activities in my spare time. join：加入（某种组织、团体）

e.g. My mother intended me to join the army. He joined the Party when he was in his twenties. attend：参加、出席（集会等人集中的场合）

e.g. We attend school every day except on Sat. and Sunday. She attended our wedding party and stayed to do some cleaning. join in：参加（活动）

e.g. We all joined in the running with them.

They joined in our singing but didn’t have dinner with us.

注：join sb. in (doing) sth.：加入某人的行列做某事、和某人一起做某事 2、remove / move

remove：着重于离开或脱离原来的位置、处所、职位等，作一种新的、暂时的安排或改变，

是有意的。

e.g. My name was removed from the list and I don’t know why. Will you remove your shoes before you come into the room? A gentleman should remove his hat to a lady. He was removed from his company last month.

The result of the exam removed a heavy stone off my heart.

move：指改变位置或姿势，还可用于抽象的“感动”，用途很广泛。 e.g. Please move your chair closer to the desk. We were all moved to tears by his heroic deeds.

The girl moved her eyes from side to side, meaning “NO”. 3、separate / divide

separate：将混在一起的人或物按类分开，分开后不再相互接触，还可表示自然障碍的阻

隔，常用：separate…from…句式。

e.g. After school, the children separated in all directions. No child should be separated from his mother by force. Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan Island from mainland of China. divide：把一个整体分割开成若干份，常用：divide … into…句式。 e.g. The whole text can be divided into three parts.

They divided the cake into five parts and each of them had a share.

divide sth into halves = divide sth. in half / two

II 重点词语和句型

1、honor：(un.) 名誉、面子、荣耀

achieve / gain / win honor：获得荣誉； deserve an honor：应得某荣誉 save one’s honor：保全自己的面子 e.g. We will fight for the honor of our country. My grandfather won honor in the Anti-Japanese War (cn.)：（争）光荣的人或物(to…：对于„„) e.g. My son is an honor to my family. Our monitor is an honor to our class.

It is an honor (for sb.) to do sth.：（某人）做某事感到光荣、荣耀 e.g. It’s an honor for me to be invited to speak to you. It is a great honor to receive the reward / prize. do sb. the honor of doing sth / to do sth.：请屈驾„„ e.g. Would you please do me the honor of dancing with me? Will you do me the honor to come for dinner this evening? have the honor (of … / to do …)：有幸、荣幸地„„

e.g. Today we have the honor of representing our school to take part in the event. May I have the honor of your company at dinner? in honor of…：为纪念、为表敬意

e.g. We will set up a monument in honor of the general.

vt. 给某人予荣誉

e.g. Would you honor us by visiting us / with a visit? The headmaster honored us by coming to our party. honorable：可敬的、值得尊敬的，高尚的、光荣的

e.g. an honorable deed：高尚的行为； an honorable man：一个高尚的人

die an honorable death：光荣献身； come from an honorable family：出身名门 2、delight：n. (u.)欣喜、喜悦，(c.)嗜好、赏心乐事 e.g. I read your letter with delight.

To our delight, she passed the test at last. Reading novels is a delight of me. Her dancing is a delight to watch. take delight in…：乐于、嗜好„„

e.g. I take great delight in playing poker on the Internet. Most boys take delight in playing football. to one’s delight：使某人高兴的是

e.g. To my delight, everyone came to my help. delighted：欣喜的、高兴的， be delighted at / with / by ...

e.g. I’m very much delighted with the result of the exam. be delighted to do …

e.g. The President was delighted to accept the invitation that he would visit China the next year. be delighted that…

e.g. The mother was delighted that her children all returned safely. delight：vt.使某人高兴

e.g. The sweet music delighted everyone present. He often delights his children with magic. 3、compete：vi. 竞争、比赛

compete for sth.：为争夺„„而比赛；compete with / against…：与„„一争高低 compete in sth.：参加„„比赛

e.g. Twenty athletes competed for three gold medals.

She is going to compete against / with her old rivals in the 200-meter dash. All these countries competed in the trade in oil.

competition：n.：(u.) 竞赛、角逐, (c.) 比赛、赛会 = contest

enter a competition：参加比赛； hold a …competition：举办„„比赛； be in competition with sb.：与某人竞赛、角逐

e.g. They were in competition with each other for the rich prize. Competition among the youths to enter the best colleges is intense. competitive：竞争的、竞争性的

e.g. Students’ life is full of competitive examinations. She has a competitive spirit. competitor：竞赛者、竞争对手

e.g. All the competitors were getting ready for the final race. 4、separate：vt. 分离、分开、隔离，separate A from B e.g. We separate the good ones from the bad ones.

The English Channel separates England from mainland of Europe. vi. 分手、分居

e.g. We didn’t separate until middle night. I hear that Mr. And Mrs. Smith have separated. get separated：走散了

e.g. He got separated from his friends in the crowd. 5、light：n. 灯、光

e.g. Three lights hang from the ceiling.

There is no light in his room, so he must have gone to bed.

adj. 明亮的、轻的（与heavy对应），淡的、浅（颜色）的(与dark对应) e.g. My room is very light

Her new dress is light red, which suits her skin very much.

A feather is rather light while a stone is heavy vt.：点火（lighted, lighted; lit, lit） e.g. He lighted a cigar and began to smoke.

注：lighted与lit：作定语用时，用lighted, 表被动时，用lit, 作动词用时，可互用。 e.g. The teacher came in with a lighted lamp in his hand. Our faces were lit (up) by the fire. The big fire lit / lighted up half the city 6、absence：n. 不在、缺席、缺少 presence

e.g. During my absence, he ate up all the fruit left in the fridge. After an absence of ten years, I came back where I was brought up. Absence of rain caused the plants to die.

in a person’s absence：某人不在（外出）时、背地里 e.g. I hope all of you will keep good discipline in my absence. It’s not polite to speak ill of a person in his absence. in the absence of…：（人）不在时、缺少„„ e.g. Man will die in the absence of air.

We all wondered how he survived in the absence of food and water for so long. absence of mind：心不在焉

absent：adj. 不在场的、缺席的（与present 对应）；无„„、茫然的 e.g. — Is anybody absent today？

— No, everyone is here.

I’ll be absent from home for a week. Will you keep an eye on my house? Rain is absent in the desert. There was an absent look on his face.

absent-minded：adj. 心不在焉的； absent-mindedly：adv. 心不在焉地 vt. absent oneself from…：没参加/出席„„(含有故意缺席之意) e.g. She absented herself from the meeting.

7、excite：vt. 使（人）兴奋、刺激，sb. / sth. excite sb.；引起„„ e.g. The good news excited everyone present. The story excited me very much.

The sad scene would excite the hardest man to pity. The new clue excited our interest in the matter. excited：兴奋的、高兴的, be / feel excited at…

e.g. We are excited at the good news.

The excited expression on her face suggested that she had passed the exam. excitement：n. 兴奋、激动， in excitement = excitedly：兴奋地 e.g. Hearing the result, she cried in excitement. exciting：令人兴奋的、令人激动的

e.g. It’s exciting news. / The result is really exciting. 8、attempt： vt. 尝试、试图 1) attempt sth.

e.g. The prisoner attempted an escape but failed. He attempted the problem and gave up half way. 2) attempt at doing sth. / to do sth

He made an attempt to learn to skate on real ice.

Finally he failed in his attempt in winning the game / to win the game. The boy attempted to solve the problem by himself. n. make an attempt to do sth / at doing sth.：尝试着做某事 e.g. She made no attempt to change her method of study. make an attempt on / upon / against：企图杀害、攻击„„ e.g. make an attempt on the life of the chairman attempted：未遂的、意图的

e.g. an attempted murder / suicide：谋杀/自杀未遂 9、retire：vi. / vt. 退休、使„„退休

e.g. My father retired from work when he reached 55.

The boss decided to retire all the worker above 55 years of age. Public opinion retired him from politics.

retired：退职的、退休的 e.g. She is a retired teacher. retirement：退职、退休

go into retirement：退休 retirement from school：从教学岗位上退休 live in retirement：过退居生活

10、host：n.（款待客人的）主人、东道主、（大会的）主持人，女主人、女主持人：hostess act as host at the meeting：担任会议的主持

e.g. The host greeted us at the gate.

The host and hostess served us food and drinks.

China will be the host country of the Olympic Games in 2008. 11、post：n. 邮政、邮件

e.g. I sent her a card by post. Is there any post for me today? The morning post hasn’t arrived. n. 柱子、桩、杠

telephone posts：电话杆； e.g. He put his cap on top of the post. He put up posts to make a fence. n. 职位、岗位

e.g. My father holds an important post in the government. I want to get a post as a teacher in that key school. vt. 邮寄

e.g. Would you please post the letter for me this afternoon? Mother posted me a parcel yesterday.

III 语法点拨：Modal verbs(1) 情态动词

1. 表示请求和允许: can, could , may, might. 过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。 e.g. — Could I use your computer tomorrow morning?

— Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.) 2．表示推测： 理论可能性 can 肯定句 must, may ,might, could 可能性 疑问句 can 否定句 can’t (不可能)，may not (可能不) 1)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生. e.g. Children can be very tiring.

2)反意问句。 e.g. He may know the plan, doesn’t he? You must have studied English before, haven’t you? You can’ t have been caught in the rain last night, were you? 3.could & be able to

在肯定句中could表示过去有“能力”做，was / were able to表示过去有能力而且确实做成了某一件事， 相当于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth.

e.g. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 4. may / might as well do sth “还是„好”、“不妨”

e.g. You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把告诉我的好。 5. must & have to

1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法, 而have to强调客观需要。 2）否定形式含义不同。mustn’t禁止，不许可，don’t have to不必 3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事） e.g. Must you shout so loudly? 6. shall & should

a gatepost：门柱

1) 表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。

When shall my father be able to leave hospital?

shall 2)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。

You shall go with me (命令) / You shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺） He shall be punished （威胁）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心) 1) 表示劝告和建议“应该” 2) “按道理应当”“估计”(=ought to)

They should be there by now, I think.

3） 用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

I should advise you not do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。

should 4） 在条件句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。

Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. /Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come.

5） Why / How + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，

意为“竟然”，也用在某些从句中。

It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。 7. will & would

1) 表示意志和意愿。will 指现在，would指过去。 e.g. If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice. 2) 表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。 e.g. Will (Would ) you please pass me the book? 3) 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。 e.g. Fish will die without water.

Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 4) 表示功能， 意为“能” 或“行” e.g. The machine won’t work. 5) 表示预料或猜想。

e.g. It would be about ten when he left home. 8. would & used to

1) 表示过去持续的状态和情况用used to; would不与表示状态的动词连用。 e.g. There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( ×)

2) would 常与often, sometimes, for hours等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。 e.g. We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.

3) used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义. eg. He will not spend the money on books as he used to. 9. dare & need

两者作为情态动词一般不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。习惯用语I dare say（可能，或许，我揣测）除外。实义动词用法同于一般动词。但在否定句中，dare 后的to可省略，即：don’t / doesn’t dare (to ) do…. 。need 作为实义动词时，用在否定句中时，其后的to不能省略。

e.g. He dare go there alone. ( ×) He dares to go there.

He dares not go there alone. ( ×)

He dare not go there alone . / He doesn’t dare ( to ) go there alone. He stood there without daring lift his head.(×)

He stood there without daring to lift his head. 10．情态动词+ have done, 表示 “过去„„”， 但：情态动词+ do , 表示现在或将来。

e.g. You should do it now. / You should have done it. He must be ill today. / He must have been ill yesterday. cf. needn’t have done & didn’t need to do…

She need not have come yesterday. 她昨天本不必要来的。（但却来了） She didn’t need to come yesterday. 她昨天不必来。（实际上也没来）

IV 巩固练习

1、How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered part of the

article? A. can

B. must B. can

C. need C. must

D. may D. will

2、A left luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a shout time, esp. at a railway station. A. should — Of course. A. Will

B. Shall

C. Would

D. Do

4、— I don’t mind telling you what I know. — You _____ . I’m not asking you for it. A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. needn’t

5、Children under 12 years of age in the country _____ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must

B. may B. may B. won’t

C. can C. will

D. need D. can D. may not

6、I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police? A. should A. must not

7、You ____ be tired — you’ve been working for an hour.

C. can’t

8、— Who is the girl standing over there? — Well, if you ____ know, her name is Mabel. A. may

B. can

C. must C. would

D. shall D. could

9、I ______ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should

B. might

10、“The interest _____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. A. may

B. should

C. must

D. shall

11、— The disease she suffers from is not easy to cure. — I know, but is she ______ better? A. much

B. little

C. even

3、— The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it?

D. any

12、— Why does she always ask you for help? — There is no one else _______ , is she?

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 13、In the evening the car broke down suddenly and it began to rain, which ____ her worry. A. added to

B. made up

C. turned out C. be sent C. took up

D. resulted from D. send D. enjoyed D. absence

14、She suggested that the boy ______ to hospital at once. A. would sent A. spared

B. would be sent B. shared

15、She seldom _____ any of my trouble in our daily life.

16、The _____ of a teacher made the little children happy and they could do anything they liked. A. appearance A. expected A. that

Keys: 01-10: ABBDA, ACCBD 11-18: DBACB, DBB

B. attendance B. to expect B. it

C. coming back

17、I’ve worked with young students before, so I know what ____ in my new job.

C. to be expecting D. expects C. this

D. you

18、I’d appreciate ____ if you could come to my birthday party.