当时啤酒厂的老板

来源：百家汽车网

Unit 1 That must be a record !

Reading

Summarize the general idea of each paragraph.

Para. 1 The first edition of Guinness Book of World Record Para. 2 Records of different categories Para. 3 Chinese record

Para. 4 Records from the world of sports

Para. 5 Why are people so interested in records? Para. 6 How to set a record? Fast reading T or F.

1.The Guinness company began to the Guinness Book of World Records in the 1950s. 2.More than 60,000 new records are printed in the book each year.

3.An Englishman balanced a small car weighing 159.6 kilogrammes on his head for 33 seconds. 4.The Lance Armstrong' s speed record is more impressive than his struggle against his disease. 5.The records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others are not allowed in the book.

6. The The records in the Guinness Book of World Records are including different areas of people' s life. careful reading

Choose the best answers

1.The idea which led to The Guinness Book of Records came up by 答案：C A. Ross Mc Whirter B. Norris C. Sir Hugh Beaver D. Brewery 2.The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters except 答案：A

A. education B. science and technology C. travel and transport D. the natural world 3.Among the Chinese records in The Guinness Book of Records,some examples are given except . 答案：D

A. Tian'anmen Square B. Hong Kong's return to China C. Jiaozi D. the Yellow River 4.The reason why Lance Armstrong's records are special is that . 答案：D A .he is a wonderful winner B. he won the first place in the race

C. he has achieved brilliant achievements D. he fought against cancer bravely and won his goal 5.Which type of record attempts is NOT allowed in the following?It is . 答案：C A .the one that a man can live to be very old

B. the one that a man can balance a small car on his head

C. the one which is dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others D. the one that a man can wear the longest beard in the world 6.The text is mainly about . 答案：C

A .a famous book B. Sir Hugh Beaver came up with an idea C. The Guinness Book of Records D. many records in the world

7.From the sentence ―...,it fades next to the story of Armstrong's struggle against disease‖,we know that . 答案：D

A. his fastest speed is as impressive as his story of struggle against cancer

B. his fastest speed is more impressive than his story of struggle against cancer C. his story of struggle against cancer is less impressive than his fastest speed D. his story of struggle against cancer is more impressive than his fastest speed 8.From the text,the main reason that led to Sir Hugh's idea is that 答案：C A. his hard work B. his talent C. his curiosity D. his careful research 9.From the last paragraph, we can infer that . 答案：D A. if a person wants to make a record, he can do it without permission B. if a person can do bad to others, he can make a record

C. if your idea is not suitable, you can also get the permission of the Guinness Book of World Records

D. The Guinness Book of World Records is very careful about making a record 10.According to the text, which statement is true? 答案：B

A. No people in the world are not interested in strange and unusual things. B. There are many athletic records in the Guinness Book of World Records. C. There are no Chinese records in the Guinness Book of World Records. D. All of the 60 000 new records will be printed each year. Answer the following questions

1. How did Sir Hugh Beaver come up with the idea for Guinness Book of World Records?

He first wanted to settle an argument about the fastest bird in Europe.After talking to his friends, he concluded that a book which answered such questions might popular. 2 .What Guinness record were set in Urumqi and Hong Kong?

Urumqi is the most remote city from the sea ; The A special and delicious record was set in 1997 to celebrate Hong Kong' s return to China.

3. How long is the longest moustache in the world? 1.6 meters 4. What are the categories in Guinness Book of World Records?

The human body, the amazing feats, the the natural world, the science and technology, the arts and the media, the model society, the travel and transport, and sports and games. 5. The Why are Lance Armstrong' s records special?

The It fades next to the story of Armstrong' s struggle against disease. 6. What types of record attempts are not allowed?

Records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others 7. Why do you think many people are interested in world records?

The Because we want to know what is possible and find out just how far we can push ourselves and are also entertained by accounts of strange and unusual deeds and facts. Have a competition!

8. Who got the idea to write the Guinness Book of World Records? Sir. Hugh Beaver.

9. When was the first edition of the Guinness Book of World Records published? In 1955. 10. How are records collected in the book? Please give 3 examples.

The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters on the human body, amazing feats, the natural world, science and technology , arts and the media, modern society, travel and transport, and sports and games.

Examples: Tian' anmen Square is the largest square in the world.

the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres. the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 metres long. 11. Why are people so interested in world records?

Because we are curious about the records and also entertained by accounts of strange and unusual deeds and facts.

12. How can you try to set a record?

First contact the Guinness Book of World Records.

Then the editors will send you rules and the form you need to apply the record after their discussion. Afterwards a Guinness official will come to inspect your attempt. If you are successful, the official will confirm the record and give you a certificate. 13.How much do you know about Guinness and the world record? 1955 1999 60,000 480 2500 40 5.71 33 1.6 Discussion:

If you want to set a record, what kind of record would you like to? Phrases:

当时啤酒厂的老板 the then director of the brewery 处理一个争议 settle an argument 一本畅销书 a best-seller 被选入该书 be sent in to the book 记下，写下set down 联系 keep track of

被分成不同的类别 be put into different categories 惊异的技艺 amazing feats 长达 reach a length of 毒蛇 a poisonous snake 离海最远的城市 the most remote city from the sea 庆祝回归 celebrate Hong Kong‘s return to China

在辉煌的体育成绩中among the brilliant athletic achievements 瞩目 stand out

背后感人的故事 the moving life stories behind them 次于，在……之后 next to

同疾病斗争 struggle against disease 被诊断出癌症 be diagnosed with cancer 继续创造纪录 go on to set the record 实现目标 achieve the goal of 连续不断 in a row 致使……做……lead sb. to do sth. 首先 in the first place 高兴 be entertained 可成为，可造成，有好处make for 申请 apply for

一切进行顺利 all goes well 检查纪录inspect the attempt 确认纪录 confirm the record 取得证书 get a certificate

in a soccer career 在足球生涯中 settle an argument about 确定关于…的论点 be sent into 被收入

.head down to 开往；前往；朝向 have been around 遍布全球（各地）；深入人心

burst into something 突然而猛烈地发出或产生某事物 centre on /upon 将某人或某事物当作中心或重点 concentrate on 专心致力于 a length of 1.6 metres an area of about 40 hectares set a world record

celebrate Hong Kong‘s return to China

win the bid for the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 over the past two decades be fascinated to do sth. burst into cheers

get a better understanding of China try new tricks on …

capture the hearts and minds of people be willing to do sth. everything/ all goes well Integrating skills

Revision: Retell the text we learned yesterday according to the information in the following chart. How and when the first edition was Sir Hugh Beaver, an argument, the first, in put out? 1955, How are the records printed? different categories Why people are so interested in curiosity, be entertained by accounts of world records? How the Guinness Book of World contact, decide, send, inspect, confirm, get Records accepts a world record? Scanning：

1.On weekends what do Lin Yong and his friends usually do after finishing their homework? They will go to the park to do skateboarding.

2.When and how did they come up with the idea to build the ramp? Three years ago after watching a skateboarding competition on TV. 3.What is their skateboarding club called ? Fun On Wheels.

4.What is the goal of skateboarding competition ?

The goal is to have fun and enjoy the excitement of trying something new.

5.Is the sport too dangerous in their opinion?

No, they don‘t think so. Because they all wear helmets and other equipment to protect themselves. They don‘t let anyone try a dangerous trick unless they are sure that they are skilled enough to perform it safely. Detailed Reading

Read the text again and answer the following questions:

1.360‘ and ‗hang ten‘ are two skateboarding terms. Can you guess what they mean?

‗360‘ means to make a circle in the air. ‗Hang ten ‗means to fly in the air with one‘s feet on the board.

2.How are ‗extreme sports‘ different from traditional sports?

Extreme sports are about beauty, harmony and thrills. They do not have rules about winning and losing. The goal is to have fun and the excitement of trying something new. 3.What is the ‗X-factor‘ ?

The ‗X-factor‘ means the pure joy of doing something that you did not think you could do and overcoming your fears.

4.What kind of safety equipment do skateboarders use?

All the riders wear helmets and other equipment to protect themselves. 5.Why do you think some people like extreme sports?

They like the feeling, the excitement and the thrill that extreme sports bring. Use the following words to describe the people in the chat:

enthusiastic, brave, friendly, responsible, curious, delighted, energetic, kind, experienced, interested, wise, athletic, cautious, outgoing, skillful, powerful Li Yong and his friends enthusiastic, brave,, experienced, cautious, delighted, energetic, skillful, friendly, interested, athletic, outgoing, powerful, responsible curious kind brave Unit 2 Crossing limits Reading:

What do you know about the Silk Road?

The ―Silk road‖ began from Chang‘an, the city of Xi‘an now, along the Gansu Corridor（通道）, then to West Asia and Europe. Scanning:

People who visited the grand opening The park manager People who like extreme sports 1.What could have been possible reasons to search for sea routes from China while routes over land were shorter and already existed?

Marco Polo‘s stories, Columbus and other European explorers influenced people.They all thought Asian lands were very wealthy.

2. What do you know about Gan Ying?

In 97 AD Gan Ying, a Chinese ambassador, went to the East Roman Empire over land and returned to Luoyang with a present from an African king ----rhinoceros horn. 3. What do you know about Zheng He?

In the years between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then travelled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa. Choose the best answers

1.Who were （was ） the earliest explorer（s） of the Western Ocean？答案：D

A. Marco Polo. B. Christopher Columbus. C. European explorers. D. Brave merchants. 2.Through the Silk Road, China got from other countries. 答案：A A. spices and glass B. silk C. weapons D. milk 3.An African king gave rhinoceros horns to China in order to . 答案：C

A. make money B. stop the war C. show his friendship D. award the Ambassador 4.Which of the following became the world‘s trading center over a few centuries after Han Dynasty? 答案：C A. Ceylon. B. India. C. Swanhili kingdoms. D. Egypt.

5.In Du Huan‘s book ―Record of My Travels‖ you can learn about . 答案：B

A. Marco Polo B. many foreign countries C. Christopher Columbus D. ways to make silk 6.Who does ―The Chinese Columbus‖ refer to? 答案：D

A. The Ming emperor. B. Du Huan. C. The Chinese ambassador. D. Zheng He. 7.The text is mainly about . 答案：D A. how the Silk Road was formed

B. how China developed trading relations with Arabic countries C. Zheng He‘s expeditions across the Indian Ocean D. the history of China‘s opening to the outside world

8.The small bronze statue of a lion found in Shanga most probably came from . 答案：A A. China B. Rome C. Greece D. London

9.―In the east, China prospered under a new dynasty.‖ The underlined part refers to . 答案：D A .the Han Dynasty B. the Song Dynasty C. the Qin Dynasty D. the Ming Dynasty 10.Which of the following can be inferred from the text? 答案：C A. Columbus‘ exploration was stopped for economic reasons.

B. No accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existed before Zheng He. C. In the Ming Dynasty China had the most powerful navy in the world.

D. The giraffe was an animal that could not be found in China in the Ming Dynasty.

Summarize main idea of the text and main idea of each para. Title Thesis sentence Reaching Out Across the Ocean Many great explorers made expeditions across the Indian Ocean long before Columbus, among whom Zheng He was the most prominent. China had contacts with countries along the Indian Ocean from the early time, and during P2 ancient time explorers had begun to contact with each other. Between the Han and the early Tang Dynasty, Swahili kingdoms and P3 the islands off the African coast developed into the world trade centre and attracted merchants from the world. P4 During the Tang Dynasty, Du Huan, who traveled to many lands, wrote the book Record of My Travels. In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty. By the beginning of the fifteenth century the time was ripe for a grand meeting. In the years between 1405 and 1433, under the command of Zheng He, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration. Main idea(before Zheng He) Main idea(before Zheng He) Main idea(before Zheng He) P5 Mainidea(afterZheng He) P6 P7

Main idea (after Zheng He) Zheng He renewed relations with the kingdoms of the East P8 African coast. The fleet made several expeditions before the exploration P9 was stopped. Way of travel Over land Goods Rhinoceros horns Careful reading: Fill in the charts. Period In 97 AD In 751-762 In the century In 1405-1433 Name Gan Ying Du Huan 11th The Africans Zheng He On land and by boat By sea By sea Bronze statue of a lion Giraffes,zebras, shells, elephant ivory,gold,spices,silk,rhinoceros-horn, medicine, etc. Judge the following sentences True or False 1.The Europeans were the first Explorers to travel to other countries.

2. Accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean were made before the fifteenth century. 3. In the years between 1405 and 1433,Zheng He sailed westwards only on voyages of exploration. 4. Zheng He invited African countries to send ambassadors to China. T Put the sentences in good order.

1.In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the song dynasty.

2.Merchants from the Arabic countries began to travel to the Swahili kingdom and the islands off the African coast to trade with them.

3.People of the Han Dynasty exchanged silk for spices and glass with Indians and Romans by way of the Silk Road.

4. The Chinese traveller, Du Huan, wanderedThrough Arabic countries for about 10 years. 5.Christopher Columbus and other European explorers searched for routes to Asia. 6. Zheng He made seven voyages and discovered the eastern coast of Africa. 3 2 4 1 6 5

Integrating skills Lead-in:

What is the third pole? Why? 珠穆朗玛峰Mount Qomolangma Reading:

Fast reading :

1.What do you think ―the third pole‖ in the text mean?

―The third pole‖ in the text means the highest mountain on earth. 2.Who were the first to climb to the top of Mount Qomolangma?

They were the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay Careful reading:

Please judge the main ideas to the proper paragraph

Para1.; By the middle of 1920s, Mount Qomolangma remained to be greatest challenge for

human beings.

Para2. Climbing Mount Qomolangma was dangerous and it seemed almost impossible because

of its extreme conditions.

Para3: Sherpas prove to be the ideal guide since the first attempt though several attempt failed in 1920s,

Para4: .Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay made their first successful attempt to the summit in

1953.

para5: Who was the first to reach to the summit of Mount Qomolangma still remains to be a

question.

para6: Over the past 40 years, other 29 Chinese reached the summit for scientific research or

sport.

Explain the following phrases and sentences from the text in English. 1.Going to Mount Qomolangma was like going to the moon.

It was quite difficult and almost impossible to climb up Mount Qomolangma and to the summit

of it.

2. The death zone

In this area, it is quite impossible for humans to survive for a couple of days , even though you can breathe extra oxygen.

3. They had no idea what they were up against.

They didn‘t know what difficulties would be in front of them and what the result would be. 4 English air. The bottle full of oxygen. Answer the following questions: 1 Why is it difficult to climb it?

Because it is too high and the air is thin , oxygen is too low people can‘t adjust to these Extreme conditions. Strength And skill are also needed.

2 Who was the first to reach the Mount Qomolangma? Why was it called a challenge?

Edmund Hillary and Sherpa reach the summit on May 29,1953. it is a honor like winning in

OLympics

3.How many chinese reach the summit from 1960 to 1975? Thirty-two (1975年5月27日，我国九名登山运动员从北坡登上珠峰 2003年5月21日，中韩联合登山队的中方队员在珠峰顶上举起国旗) Phrases:

除了…… 还有 apart from/in addition to/besides 调节/适应 adjust to 充当 act as 依靠rely on/depend on 把……当做refer to…as/think of…as/regard…as/treat…as 用尽 run out of sth

因某赞扬事某人praise sb for sth make (good ) use of (充分)利用 deal with处理 meet with (偶然)遭遇;碰到;尝到

evluate… from…从什么方面(观点)评价…….take possession of 获得;占有;作为……的代表 in the name of 以……的名义;作为……的代表;借……为名;以……为借口;凭……权威 search for寻找……;搜索;探求 long before很久以前。但before long是不久以后之意 contact with 与……联系;与……接触 in exchange for 与……交换 develop into 发展成为 lead to 导致;通向

be taken prisoner 作为囚犯被关押 date from 从……就开始有;追溯到 by the beginning of 到……(之)初 under the command of 在……的统帅下 in turn (for)作为……的报酬;作为交换(回报;回答) be up against 对抗;对付;面临 fail to 力所不能;失败 succeed in 在……取得成功 apart from别无;除……外(尚有) have something (nothing) to do with与……有(无)关 masses of fuel do research on a state project set sail to / from / for in return

in darkness a large sum of money bring up in all

show respect for sb. do observations adjust to these extreme conditions a couple of days

at such a great height have no chance of surviving

Unit 3 The land down under

Reading: Pre-reading

(1) What do you know about Australia?

Australia was discovered about 53 000 years ago. It is possible that the first people crossed into Australia from Asia on great land bridge when the water above of the oceans was lower.

(2) Look at the map of Australia. Australia is surrounded by many oceans: the Indian ocean in the west, the Southern Ocean in the south and the Pacific Ocean in the northeast. (3) Show more pictures about Australia to the students.

Which questions will be answered in the passage and tick them. 1. How large is Australia?

2. When was Australia founded?

3. Who lives in Australia?

4. What is the capital of Australia?

5. What animals are native to Australia? 6. What is Australia famous for?

7. What does the Australia flag look like? 8. How many people live in Australia?

9. How is Australian English different from British and American English? Fast reading

How many parts can the passage be divided into? Five What‘s the main idea of each paragraph? Para1: The portrait of a nation Para2: The first Australians Para3: A nation of prisoners

Para4: Another new world: The birth of a nation Para5: Speak Australian? No worries! Careful reading

1.The Australian flag shows________. D A. the UK flag and seven stars

B. the USA flag and a large star with seven points C. the UK flag and six large stars with seven points D. the UK flag, a large star and a group of small stars 2. Who were the first people to arrive in Australia? C A. Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch.

B. Prisoners and criminals from England. C. Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. D. Asian explorers.

3.According to the text, Asian countries have _________ on Australia culture. A

A. great influence B. little influence C. no influence D. no effect

4.In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the_______ Crown. A. British B. Spanish C. Portuguese D. American

5.What does the word ‗‗claim‘‘ mean in Paragraph 3 of ‗‗A nation of prisoners? ‘‘ B Australia A. need B. demand C. believe D. buy 6 It was ________ that made the original Australians suffer. A

A. the American War of Independence B. Captain James Cook C. the English prisoners D. the first fleet of 11 ships 7.After the Second World War, Australia began to_______ B

A. form the commonwealth B. transform itself into the modern country as it is today C. change its attitude towards immigration D. suffer from the Depression of the 1930s 8. The last part of the text tells us __________. B

A A. Australian English is the same as British English

B. there are no differences between Australia English and British English

C. all the words in Australian English have a different meaning from British words D. \"down under\" means the country of Australia to Australians 9. From the national flag of Australia, we can know________. C A. there are 5 states altogether in Australia B. people of Australia like American society

C. people of Australia think they have something to do with the English people D. Australia suffered from immigration

10 From the text we can infer Australia came into being ________ the continent began to exist. B A. long before B. long after C. at .the same time when D. shortly after 11.The weather in Australia encourages . 答案：B A. indoor activities B. outdoor activities C. competition D. entertainment 12.Paragraph 1 of the text ―Australia‖ mainly deals with . 答案：D A. climate B. geography C. history D. animals

13.The last paragraph of the text ―Australia‖ mainly talks about Australia‘s . 答案：D A. climate B. people‘s life C. outdoor activities D. climate and people‘s life 14.What sport is impossible in Australia? 答案：A A. Skiing. B. Swimming. C. Tennis. D. Basketball.

10.From the text ―Australia‖ we can infer that Australia is famous for its . 答案：C A. industrial products B. educational products C. agricultural products D. recreational products Post-reading

Answer the following questions.

1) What do the symbols on the Australian flag represent?

Six of the points represent the original states (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania) and the seventh stands for all the territories. The other stars on the flag represent the Southern Cross. 2) Who were the first people to arrive in Australia? The Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.

3) Why were prisoners sent to Australia after 1788? Where were they from?

The American War of Independence made it possible for England to send prisoners to North America. They were from America.

4) What happened to the original Australians when the European newcomers arrived?

The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered. 5) What was the problem with Australia's Constitution?

The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal, explained their base civil rights and described the new government. 6) How did the two World Wars change Australia?

After the First World War, the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Depression of the 1930s. After the Second World War, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country as it is today.

7) How does Australian English differ from British English?

Australian English differs from British English in pronunciation and some of the vocabulary. Integrating skills

Get information about Australia

Animals： kangaroo, koala bear, parrot, snake, digo, sheep, cattle Distance: 3220 km from north to south 4000 km from east to west Size: the same as the USA( without Alaska) Population: 20 million

Agriculture: wheat, fruit, vegetables, meat, wines Natural resources: metals, precious stones, coal, iron

Climate: cool and wet winters, warm and dry summers in the south; warm and dry winters,

hot and wet summers in the north dry or desert in two thirds of the country

Sports: tennis, sailing, swimming Careful-reading: answer the questions.

1. Why does Australia have so many plants and animals that can not be found anywhere else in the world?

Because Australia has been separated from other Continents for millions of years. 2.Why do kangaroos carry their young in a pocket of skin on their stomach?

Kangaroos give birth to very small and weak young. They are carried in a pocket of skin for several months while they feed on the Mother's Milk and grow stronger.

3. In what way is Australia different from all the other countries in the world? Australia is the only country in the world which covers an entire continent.

4. Compare the Climate in different areas of Australia with that found in different parts of China. The climate in Australia is different depending on the area. The south has cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. The north has warm, dry winters and hot wet summers. True or false

2 We traveled day and night.( F by day)

3 During walking through the desert, we couldn‘t ride the wagons. 4 For many weeks we had suffered from heat, thirst and starvation. 5 During the long journey, we could help each other.

(F The situation was so desperate that, in most cases, no one could help another. Each had all he

could do to save himself and his animals.)

Discussion:

1.Why does Australia have so many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world?

2. Why do so kangaroos carry their young in a pocket of skin on their stomach?

3. In what way is Australia different from all the countries in the world?

4. Compare the climate in different areas of Australia with that found in different parts of China. Does the climate in your area affect the way you live? Phrases:

go on + n. 继续…… a tour guide 导游

gobushwalking/walkabout/cycling/surfing 去灌木丛中散步/闲逛/去骑自行车/去冲浪 as a consequence (of)作为(……的)结果 break out (指激烈事件)突然发生 feed…on 给(人或物)食物 round up 集合在一起

be made up of 由……组成(构成) be surrounded by 由……包围;围绕着 be used to 被用来 form strong ties with 与……保持良好的关系 groups of 成群的…… be chosen as 被选为……

be harmful to 对……有害 have a strong influence on 对……有强大的影响 suffer from 遭受;受……之苦 transform… into 把……改变成

attitude toward(s) 对……态度 differ from/differ…from… 与……的区别 be fond of 爱好;喜好 give birth 出生 more than fourteen times as many people 人口比……多达14倍以上 keep out 遮挡 depend on 依赖;相信 all the year round 终年 be delighted to 高兴;喜欢 a 10-day trip to Australia stand for a highly-developed country benefit from heal its racial wounds be forced to do sth. sense of responsibility be connected to cover an entire continent a wealthy country round up

all the year round be delighted to do sth. on an open fire off the northeast coast have access to water

Unit 4

Reading: Warming up

Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name Which flower is your favorite? Explain why. Pre-reading

Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?

His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers. While-reading Fast reading

How many people are mentioned in the passage?

Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook

Careful reading

1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine 2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon 3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander 4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C

A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups C．Linnaeus‘contribution to botany D．Linnaeus‘discoveries about different species 5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C A．one B．Two C．Three D.four Post-reading

1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?

Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.

2. What were the goals of James Cook‘s first voyage around the world?

To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent. 3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition? Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany. 4. What could be a possible explanation for the name ―strawberry‖?

When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering. Integrating skills Scanning

Find out the important people mentioned in the text.

Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria Gote Turesson From Sweden

Choose the best answers according to the passage

1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants

2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds 3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C

A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space

4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D

A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment

B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species . 5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B A．he was invited to join scientific expedition B．he was interested in them

C．he could do a lot Of experiments

D．he wanted to finish his book―On the Origin of Species‖ Fill in the following blanks Scientist Charles Darwin Research/experiment The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses Flowers and peas Result There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants. Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics. Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat. Gregor Mendel Gote Turesson A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast The text can be divided into four parts Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research. Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment. Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study

Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three. Important sentences in the passage

1. It was Darwin‘s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.

2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel‘s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.

4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.

Translate the following phrases into English:

详细地 in detail 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of 由……负责 in the charge of 任命某人为……appoint sb. as

将……分类成classify…into… 计算……之间的距离 calculate the distance between… 一代一代传下去pass on from one generation to the next 建于…；以…为基础be based on 参与; 陷入 ……的活动be involved in 根据;视……而定；按照according to 搜索；寻找 search for 总而言之 altogether match…with （在品质；颜色；设计等方面）相等，相当，相配 at the age of 在……岁时 look out for 警惕;留心;守侯

on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地 year after year 年年;年复一年 pass away 逝世 name…after 给……取名;命名 take care of 关心;照顾 classify…into 分类;归类

develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友 born into 出生 have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲 a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词) lie in 在于 related to 与……有关

the key to 关键是(在于) adapt to 适应于 be sunken into 堕入 a bunch of flowers at first sight lead a cosy life make two more voyages be involved in

lead sb. to do sth. calculate the distance between pass on from on generation to the next form the belief

in view adapt to the new environment

Unit 5 Getting the message

Reading:

Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart Items

Ad 1 17

Ad 2 Ad 3 The products they Advanced persuade you to roducts buy How to persuade electronic Shampoo Soft drinks By using abstract design, slogan and pictures By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products Help athletes to refresh themselves. Pictures,slogan, products The message each High quality, ad gives Help customers succeed How is information conveyed the Pictures, spokesman Create beauty,bring to happiness and love to customers slogan, Products,slogan, pictures Words related to advertising

advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to Pre-reading

Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students Advantages Disadvantages Provide information Mislead customers

Increase sales Give false or incorrect information Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products …

1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C. 2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477 3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920

4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2 Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere

Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.

Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers‘ choices. Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.

Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.

Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government

policies and social problems.

Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.

Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices. Answer the following questions Fast reading

1.What is people‘s reaction to ads.? P2

2.What is the basic principle of advertising? P3 3.What is the most important function of ads? P5 4.what‘s the advantage of good ads? P8 Careful reading

1.Why is advertising popular?

2.How does advertising help consumers and companies? 3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?

4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people‘s attention? 5.What is a ―bait-and-switch‖ a?

6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads? Choose the best answers:

1.The word ―advertising‖ means to make a product known to . D A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios C firms by printed notices D people in various ways. 2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A A increase product sales B make a product more expensive C increase production D reduce the costs of a product 3.Advertising is a highly developed . B A information B industry C trade D science

4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B

A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place 5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C

A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success. C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.

6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by

8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying

9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders

10.―Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company‘s profits‖ means . 答案：D

A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company‘s profits B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company‘s profits C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company‘s profits D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company‘s profits 11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads

12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers 13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C

A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive 14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：C

A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products. B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products. C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.

D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.

15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：C

A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet. C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere. 16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C

A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads T or F

1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( ) 2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )

3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( ) 4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )

5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company‘s profits. ( )

6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )

7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company‘s profits.( ) Difficult sentences

1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the

development.

2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.

3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.

4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for ―hidden information‖. Integrating skills

Fill in the blanks for the revision

Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.

People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers

make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers‘ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers‘ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.

Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware of their social problems and policies.

Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices. II Lead-in

1 what product do they persuade you to buy? 2 what information about product can you get? 3 How is the information conveyed?

4 What are the skills of making good ads? III Reading

1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting? 2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?

3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?

4 How are the ads presented ?

How to create a positive image of the product

Choose the words and brand names A good slogan

1 tell the consumer about 1 should be catchy the advantages of the product 2 easy to remember 2 choose a funny name 3 convey a message

3 use a well-known word

4 choose names from old stories 5 invent a new word

Ads are started with a puzzle or question And presented in a humorous way

in order to 为的是;目的在于 take …into consideration 考虑某事物 compare…with…把……与……比较(对比) complain about 对某人与某物抱怨 in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位 hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的 with the develop of 随着……发展 on the other hand 另一方面

get… across 传播或为人理解 instead of 代替(后面接名词\\代词\\动名词或介词短语) appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿) armed with用…… 做准备;备有

make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到 keep an eye out for留心或注意到某人或某事物 protect…from… 防护而不受 at the right time 在恰当的时候 point out to (向某人)指出;使注意 make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通 accuse…of… 指责;控告 attach to 系;贴;固定;附着 differ from 不同于 attach importance to 给予重视 start with 以开始 with the purpose of 以为目的 point out 指出 refer to 指/参考

think twice 慎重考虑 large amounts of money make good choices out of ten

take a critical attitude towards advertisements with the purpose of a series of at a loss profit by / from

Unit 6

Reading

Lead-in and Pre-reading

1． Who the Native Americans were? Where did they live and what do you know about their

life?

The Native Americans were the Indian. They lived in the vast land of West America and their life was simple and hard. They hunt for food and rode on horses.

2. History counts many cases in which settlers moved into areas that belonged to other people. Can you give some examples? What happened?

The American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia, and the second from Europe and Africa. The first movement began probably 25, 000 years ago when Siberian tribes, in search of new hunting grounds or of refuge from pursuing enemies, crossed over the Bering Strait to Alaska. By 1492, over 10-20 million people, mistakenly called Indians by Christopher Columbus, inhabited the Americans. They developed their own aboriginal cultures, which ranged from the simple to the complex,

from those of the primitive tribes to the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. The second migration to the Americas began with the expansion of Europe at the start of the modern period from the 16th century.

3. The new settlements in America soon became known as the Wild West. Why?

Because the western states of the US during the years were settled by the first Europeans. There was not much respect for the law there. Read the text then answer some questions.

1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10 2 How long did the journey last? About a year

3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas 4．What does ―account‖ in the first line means?

The ―account‖ here means description. For example, ―She gave the police a full account of the incident.‖

5. In paragraph two, the author mentioned Indian Greek. Where was it and was it very important? It was in Kansas. It was the frontier at that time and also the meeting place for people moving to the west.

6. Do you know what difficulties they ran into during the journey?

They entered the desert and lost their way, and didn‘t have enough water to drink. Their animals died from lack of water.

7. According to the fourth paragraph, why do people call the desert Death Valley?

People showed coldness and were not willing to help others in trouble. They abandoned everything they could. Valley is in chaos and full of dead animals. Therefore, we called it Death Valley.

8. Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it? Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples. 9. What is the theme of this passage?

If you make unremitting efforts, you will achieve your goals. Don‘t give up before difficulties. Listening

Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises. Post—reading

Exercise1. True or False

1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)

6 When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn‘t agree.)

( )7 When the animals smelt the water, they all ran. Exercise 2

Choose the best answers

1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C A. California was in desert B. California was far away

C. California was a wonderful land described in a book D. California was the largest state in the USA

2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A

A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert 3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.

4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the ―Long Drive‖? 答案：D

A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable. C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.

5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45

6.Why didn‘t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A A. Because that meant he/she would die.

B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.

C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her. D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.

7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.

C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home. 8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.

C. About a year. D. About a year and a month. 9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D

A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end D .it‘s a long way to travel from the author‘s hometown to California 10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life Questions:

1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.

2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the ―long drive‖? We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard. 3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?

1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.

2)The courage of the people impresses me most. Passage analysis

1. What the writing techniques of this text are? A. Use of the chronological order to narrate the story.

B. Use many participles to make the text readable and concise.

C. The landscape of the Salt Lake Valley sharply contrasts with that of the Salt Lake Desert. The scenery of the Salt Lake Valley is very beautiful, however, that of the Salt Lake Desert is dry and barren. Use the sharp contrastive scenery, expressing the hero‘s optimism about the life that he dreamed of in the West and coming across the difficulties on the way to the West. 2. What is the writing style of the text?

The text is a narrative writing, which related a story that the hero‘s family and other many families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. The text, which uses the first person to relate the hero‘s true experiences, gives us a vivid description. 3.What is the main idea of the text?

The text related a story that the hero‘s family and other many families moving to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. When they came across the problems, they didn‘t escape them. However, they faced reality and solved the problems. They insisted on and made unremitting efforts, so they made their dream come true. Moreover, An iron pestle can be ground down to a needle — perseverance will prevail. 4. What‘s the purpose of the writer?

The writer wanted to tell us ―When one comes across the problems, one shouldn‘t escape them. However, he should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as he overcomes the difficulties and never gives up, he will achieve his goals and succeed. Moreover, he has dreams in his heart. As long as he insists on and makes unremitting efforts, I believe he will make his dreams come true some day. In fact, life itself is a battle. Natural environment and nature are your enemies. If you defeat them, you can live in the world, or it is death that is waiting for you.‖ 5. What can we learn from this text?

We learned that during our lifetime, we may run into many difficulties. When we come across the problems, we shouldn‘t try to escape. Instead, we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. Moreover, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist on and make unremitting efforts, we will make our dreams come true one day. Integrating skills Lead-in

What did he describe in the novel The Call of Wild by Jack London? And where did the story happen?

This story happened in Alaska, a far and cold land. It described the life of a dog named Buck as well as other dogs‘ encounter.

Reading

1. Who do you think the three persons are? What are they talking about?

I think Mr. Rivers is the host of a program. I guess Mr. Parks is a historian or something else. Ms. Welch is the granddaughter of Dr Welch. And Dr Welch was a doctor of a small city called Nome.

2. Where did the story happen? And what happened to the children?

The story happened in a small city called Nome. Some children in the city had a terrible disease and they would die if they couldn‘t get enough vaccine.

3. Where could they get the vaccine that would save the children?

A hospital in Anchorage had a good supply of vaccine. It was far away from Nome. 4. What difficulties did they meet on the way and how did they overcome them?

They faced many difficulties. First, the time was limited. The children would die if their treatment was delayed too long. Second, at that time, the sea was frozen and the only two planes had been stored, nothing got to Nome quickly. Third, The Arctic winter was very cold and there were terrible storms. Difficulties with the medicine delivery Their attitudes and solutions Traffic problems: The sea frozen; the only A train took the medicine from Anchorage two planes stored; no quick traffic to Nenana; A relay of dog teams between Nenana and Nome Snow storms and low temperature Time limitation Kept going without stop Covered almost 700 miles in little more than 127 hours Post-reading Questions on P53 and P54. Suggested answers: 1. Flu and diphtheria

2. As we all know, SARS spread through the world in 2003. SARS is short for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

3. Dr Welch could save the children if he could get enough vaccine as quickly as possible.

4. Relay is an act of passing something along from one person, group, or station to another. We have relay race in sports, and torch relay.

5. A relay of dog sleds was chosen as the best transportation because in 1925, nothing got to Nome quickly, the sea was frozen, and the only two planes had been stored. Phrases

believe in 信任;信耐 stand for 代表;代替

adapt to 适宜 lose heart 灰心;泄气 be cast away (被)抛弃 give up 放弃

less than 少于;不足 set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发 move on 继续前进 take the way 出发;首途 lose one‘s way 迷路 hang out 伸出

in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候) on our feet=on foot 步行

be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于 suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦 hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 start doing sth. 开始做某事 go on all fours 用四肢 (at)the edge of of (在)……边缘 stare at 瞪视; 凝视

come to an end 结束;终止 a race against time 与时间赛跑 save…from 挽救……免于 take up to 占用(时间;空间) at stake 在危险中;关系重大 risk one‘s life to 冒险去做某事 apply…to… 运用;应用 add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来 take it easy 别紧张;放松点 keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平 common sense 常识;情理 leave behind 忘带;留下 live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存 tie up 系;拴;捆

go for 为……去;努力获取 be more of a leader than a follower be honest with by day / by night pass through be on one‘s feet be accustomed to in anxiety of reach the promised land come to an end a relay of dog teams take up to 13 days

Unit 7

Lead-in

Charles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical novelist in the 19th century. He wrote 14 novels and many other short stories in his lifetime. His style was realistic and humors .He gave us a vivid picture of life of ordinary people. His works shows sympathy for the poor. Scanning

1 When did this story happen?

2 How many people were mentioned?

3What was Ebenezer Scrooge? What kind of this man was? 4Who was Bob Cratchit? What did he want to do?

5 What did the gentlemen want Scrooge to do? Has he Promised ? What happened to Scrooge ? Skimming

Analysis of the characters in stories by typical language.

Main heroes Scrooge What they say characteristic 1”I have to pay you a whole 1 cold, interested in money. day’s” 2 not care for his employee. Wages for no work. He says Humbug” 2”That’s an excuse for picking a man’s Pocket”. 3 Leave it alone Much good may it do you. 1”I’m too cold to write so I poor, modest and careful. warm myself on the candle.” 2” I want a day off at Christmas” 3 Those who are badly off must go there “There are many things that kind and helpful. do me good without bringing in profit” He always says “Ho,ho,ho.” make others happy Bob Fred Santa Judge the following sentences True or false 1.It was cold in scrooge‘s office and Bob had to warm himself over the candles. T

2. Scrooge was willing to let Bob have a day off because it would be Christmas the next day. F 3. Scrooge was invited by his niece and he accepted happily. F

4. A gentleman arrived at Scrooge‘s office because he wanted to collected money for the poor. T 5. Scrooge didn‘t want to give the poor any money because he was poor himself. F

6. According to the dialogue, in Scrooge‘s dream he met his old friend ------Jacob Marley. F Posting-reading

Choose the best answers

1.Christmas is traditionally celebrated on . 答案：B

A. December 24 B. December 25 C. December 30 D. December 31 2.Which of the following is not true according to the dialogue? 答案：A

A. The business is now owned by Scrooge and his partner, Marley. B. Marley died on December 24th.

C. The gentleman tried to persuade Mr Scrooge to do something good for the poor.

D .Many thousands of people don‘t have enough money to keep themselves warm. 3.Ebenezer Scrooge is . 答案：D

A. a warm-hearted boss B. a lazy kind boss

C. a hospitable boss D. a greedy ungenerous boss

4.According to the dialogue,which of the following sentences is right? 答案：C

A. Nothing happened when the clock struck one. B. Scrooge‘s eyes were wet because he had a cold.

C. The girl who used to love Scrooge has married another man.

D. Scrooge,a kind old man is always commenting on everything by saying ―Humbug‖. 5.In the sentence,―He is cold, mean and selfish old man ‖,―mean‖ is . 答案：D

A.有技巧的 B.心情不好的 C.普通的 D.吝啬的 6.From the dialogue, we can infer . 答案：C

A. Fred helps Scrooge become a helpful man

B. everyone does wish Ebenzer Scrooge a merry Christmas

C. Ebenzer scrooge corrects his mistakes and makes a fresh start D. Scrooge‘s partner, Marley died at Christmas

7.The main factor that makes Mr Scrooge change his mind is that . 答案：A

A. he feels afraid the bad thing will happen to him in the future B. he regrets what he did in the past

C. he is moved by what Santa Claus says

D. he loses his fortune and becomes a poor man himself 8.What can‘t be concluded from the passage? 答案：D

A. People usually have turkey for Christmas. B. The place they live in is cold in winter.

C. Bob is quite astonished Scrooge‘s generousness.

D. All the poor people can enjoy a merry Christmas now.

9.According to Fred,Christmas is the day of the year when people . 答案：D

A. think of the past and look forward to the future B. put valuable things in their pockets C. have dinner together

D. show kindness to people and help others

10.Mr Scrooge is reluctant to open his heart to the poor because . 答案：D

A. there are plenty of prisons in the world B. he is poor himself C. the union work houses can help the poor

D. he only cares about his own business and never shows kindness to others Answer the following questions

1How does Ebenezer Scrooge treat people Working for him?

He was cold ,mean and only interested in profit and money. He didn‘t care for his employers. He often asked them to work without a rest, even at Christmas eve.

2 What is the typical of Ebenezer?

He was a mean, hard, selfish old business man. He often said ―Humbug‖ He cared for nothing but money.

3 What was the true spirit of Christmas according to Fred?

He thought it is to do sth good to others and opened his heart to think of others.

4 Scrooge‘s last visitor said he was connected with his welfare. What does this sentence mean? He was raising money to help the poor. He hoped That Scrooge gave some money to help the poor.

Fill in the blanks according the passage

It was the day before Christmas and the weather was terrible . Bob wanted to have a day off in order to have a good Christmas dinner but his boss , Scrooge, who was cold , mean and only interested in making money didn‘t allow him to do so at first. Scrooge‘s nephew--- Fred wanted to invite Scrooge to attend their Christmas dinner but he was refused . A gentleman who wanted bo connect some money for the poor was also turned down by Scrooge. At last when all the others left Scrooge had a dream , in which he Santa Claus Integrating Skills

Divide the play into 3 parts. Try to find out what caused Scrooge to turn over a new leaf. Find out something about the first scene

Place:_ The place where Scrooge live once lived. The time when Scrooge was young. Time: Young scrooge and his girlfriend. The girl wanted to be separated from Scrooge Characters: Scrooge cared nothing except money Event: He felt very uneasy. Reasons:

In the second scene, Scrooge saw the Christmas party held in Bob Cratchit‘s houses. Judge the following sentences True of False .

1.In the dream it was Christmas Eve and the Cratchits were having a Christmas dinner. T 2. In the dream Tiny was ill but his father couldn‘t afford the medicine for him. T 3. These things really happened to the Cratchits. F

4. On seeing the scene Scrooge wanted to change his life. T 5. Scrooge ordered a big Christmas tree for the cratchits‘. F Scene 3

From here we say the Scrooge turned over a new leaf. How did Bob Cratchit feel when he saw Scrooge and his turkey ? D

A. Satisfied B. Interested C. Angry D. Surprised He hadn‘t expected that Scrooge would be so generous Phrases

care for 喜爱；照顾 in the race to do sth. 在做某事的竞赛中 put on 穿上 so far 至此 at this festive season of the year 在一年中喜庆的季节

close up （尤指暂时）关闭；使靠近 leave alone 不管；随…去

toast to 干杯 date back to 追溯到（过去的某个时间） on the contrary 相反 have an eye for 关注；能判断；能欣赏 want all day off open one‘s hearts freely this very night be concerned with display one‘s deep sympathy an immediate success comment on everything as follows

take one‘s place twice the size of

harmony with others want/have a day off / ask for a day‘s leave 请一天假 pick a man‘s pocket掏某人口袋 leave sb alone别管他 do good to sb对某人有好处 bring in profit带来利润 be in want/need of急需 afford to do sth供得起 be badly off穷困 believe in信任某人 admit doing sth承认做了某事

Unit 8

Fast reading

1 What is the most puzzling question in learning our mother tongue?

How we were able to make sense of what we heard and distinguish the mistakes and errors from ―good‖ language.

2 If we develop our study skills and way of learning, is learning foreign language twice as hard or as easy? easy Careful reading

Tell the sentences true or false

1 Although experts don‘t agree each other, they all share a common opinion :Life is a very successful language school. T

2 We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week and in a few years‘ time we can speak a foreign language. T 3.Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges. F 4The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.F Choose the best answers

1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue . 答案：C

A. at the age of five B. by the age of eight C. before they are five D. since they were five 2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except . 答案：A A. the ability to memorize the words B. an interest in understanding their own thinking C. willingness to take chances D. confidence in their ability

3.The sentence ―Life is a very successful language school‖ means . 答案：B A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language

B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us C. parents can give children language lessons

D. people can learn the language by themselves 4.What‘s the purpose of writing this article? 答案：C

A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue. B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue. C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.

D. In fact,the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.

Decide which language ( mother tongue or foreign language) each of the sentences below A We learn quite fast.

B We are not taught but learn anyway. M

C Some people think that we are born with an ability to learn this. M D We can learn faster if we develop study skills.

E Most people have mastered this by the age of five. M F We learn this in a special place where we can get help. G It takes longer to learn this. M

H We Learn this by communicating with others. M Main idea of each paragraph .

Para.1. The environmental factor of learning mother tongue. Para.2. Different opinions of language experts.

Para.3. The difference between learning mother and learning a foreign language. Para.4. The characteristics of successful language learners. Para.5.Different learning ways of successful language learners Para.6. The importance of the purpose of learning.

The purpose of writing the passage to tell us that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue. Integrating Skills

1.The best option for the exchange students is . 答案：A A. living with local people B. living in the dormitory

C. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost D. making friends with the other students

2.The disadvantage of studying abroad is . 答案：B

A. language and culture B. cost and safety C. custom and culture D. exchange programme 3.Visiting students do the following things except . 答案：C A. staying in the host family‘s house B. eating in the host family‘s house

C. becoming a member of the family D. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards 4.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not . 答案：C

A. care much about the money that may cost you B. collect as much information as possible C. plan a long course to study D. discuss every detail with your family 5.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays? 答案：D

A. The cost has become reasonable. B. There are programmes for all levels.

C. Students can find ―home-stay‖ service and live with the host family. D. All the above.

6.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is . 答案：C

A. to learn the language B. to widen one‘s views and understand the culture of other country C. to get better idea of yourself and your own culture D. to learn to be independent of oneself Answer the following questions

What is the best way to learn a language ? Why ?

I think the best way to do this is to go to a country where the language is spoken. We can use the language at any places at any time . It‘s good for language learning. 2. Is it possible for you to study abroad ? Yes, it is. 3. What should you do before you go abroad?

We should find out as much as possible about different programmes, including the cost and length of our stay.

4. Can you list the advantages and the disadvantages of studying abroad ? Advantages of studying abroad

1). become fluent in the new language

2). make friends with people from different background. 3). Understand another culture

4). broaden your horizons and improve your understanding of the world 5). learn about yourself and what your culture is really like 6). learn to depend on yourself Disadvantages of studying abroad

1). Some of them may fall behind in their studies when studying abroad. 2).They may not be able to take classes at the same level as at home.

3). Parents worry about the safety of their children and may also be concerned about the cost. Choose the main idea of each paragraph

Para. 1 It is possible for a student of any level to study a foreign language in a country where the language is spoken.

Para. 2 Advantages of studying abroad. Para. 3 disadvantages of studying abroad.

Para.4 What should you do in order studying abroad ? Phrases

make progress 前进；进步 make sense of 弄懂…的意思 in other words 换句话说；换言之 take risks/a risk 冒险

experiment with 进行试验；进行实验 piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大团 knock down 击倒；撞倒 that is to say 也就是说 fall behind 落后 be different from 与…不同

communicate with 与…联系；与…交流 distinguish…from… 把与区别开来 adjust to 调整；调节；使适合；使便于使用 in the process 在进行；经过；在…过程中

in common （团体）共同的；公有的 make mistakes 犯错误

make friends with 与…交朋友 take (an active ) part in （积极）参加 take patience to 有耐心去做…. come across

mother tongue communicate with be equipped with regardless of in other words self-confident everyday use thanks to be familiar with in my teens put an end to all of a sudden at various academic levels stay in touch broaden one‘s horizons

Unit 9 Health Care

Teaching aims:

1.Goals:

 Learn about health care

 Practise expressing opinions and making decisions  Review the Subjunctive Mood (2)  Write a letter 2.Special focus:

Improve reading skills and Enlarge vocabulary. a.Direct Ss to read the 3 passages on the text book;

b.Guide Ss to learn to use the following words and expressions:

Medical insurance, poverty, unemployment, AIDS, housing, income, economic development, essential, desperate, fundamental, statistics, pressure, constant, allowance, re-employment, sacrifice, aggressive, intelligence, sense of responsibility, sympathy, willingness, observation, resident, laid-off, vow, mould, etc.

Reading A Helping Hand (p75)

Step 1 Lead in

1.Can you think of the situations where people need help? Serious illness, jobless, accidents, wars, disasters…

2.While one is in such situations, which organization can help besidesthe people around him or her?

The WHO together with the government. Step 2 Listen and answer: 1.Was wanglin cured or not?

2. How much was spent on the poor people by 2003?

3.What is another big challenge for the government? Step 3 Scanning

Read the passage and try to come up with the general idea of each paragraph. Then ask students to fill in the chart to see if they have got a general understanding of the whole passage. Main Idea

Paragraph A A man suffering from a serious disease was unable to pay for treatment. Paragraph B With a health care project‘s help, Wang Lin‘s disease was cured.

Paragraph C A new health project is aimed at exploring and developing a new health care model

for China.

Paragraph D Many urban Chinese are living on money given by the government.

Paragraph E Millions of Chinese people in urban areas cannot afford proper health care. Paragraph F Health care project is very important in our country‘s efforts to fight poverty. Paragraph G The Chinese government is taking measures to prevent the spread of AIDS. Paragraph H People must help each other if society is to develop and prosper.

Paragraph I Our country is working hard to fight poverty and improve health care.

The main idea of the passage: The Passage gives a brief introduction to the health care condition in our country, and it emphasizes on the efforts that our government is making to fight poverty and improve health care by giving examples of Wang Lin. Step 4 Careful-reading

1.In what way is Wang Lin‘s situation similar to that of other low-income families?

They all can only make ends meet on their low income, and if someone in their families becomes seriously ill, the family is forced into poverty, and has to ask for help from the government.

2. Why is medical insurance so important to low-income families?

Because medical insurance can provide easy access to hospitals and clinics for low-income families.

3. What is the government doing about AIDS in China?

Chinese government has vowed to provide free AIDS tests for the general public as well as free treatment for those who cannot afford the treatment fees. And we learn from news that our government has decided to control the number within 1.5 million before 2010. 4. What can we do to care for the weakest members of our society?

Our country decided to move forward without leaving anyone behind. Now we are taking measures, such as reducing poverty, helping sick people get treated properly and providing medical insurance for the poor. And we all know that the famous programme “Developing the West‖, it is an important measure to put an end to poverty. Only by helping each other, can our country develop and prosper. Step 5 Comprehension

Unemployment—poverty-- bad housing condition/ no healthy diet/ cannot afford to purchase medical insurance/ no good education—AIDS/ accidents-- government programmes

Step 6. Post-reading Choose the best answers:

1.Thanks to______,Wang Lin was able to receive a treatment in time to prevent the disease from ruining his health. 答案：C

A. his son in college B. the insurance for his family

C. the health care project D. the kindness of his family and neighbors

2.According to the text, if Wang Lin had had______, the sickness wouldn‘t have caused such a big problem. 答案：C

A. a good job B. a high income C. insurance D. a good doctor to consult 3.What‘s the aim of new health care project? 答案：D A. Helping people get rid of poverty.

B. Exploring and developing a new health care model for China. C. Letting sick people treated properly.

D. Providing medical insurance for the poor.

4.According to the United Nations AIDS agency‘s report,how many people will be infected by AIDS in China by 2002 unless more is done to prevent the spread of the disease? 答案：B A.9 million. B.10 million. C.11 million. D.12 million. 5.The text―A Helping Hand‖is mainly about______. 答案：C

A. millions of Chinese people in urban areas can‘t afford proper health care B. the Chinese government is taking measures to prevent the spread of AIDS C. a new health care project is being explored and developed in China D. people must help each other if society is to develop and prosper

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with one to three words. The poverty and the poor health The government‘s efforts to fight poverty and poor health care care of low-income families Low-income families cannot afford ① The government encourages health care to pay for 1________, that is to say, form and reduces poverty by designing a they cannot afford to 2 _____a doctor health care project which provides poor or 3______medicine. patients with treatment at 7____or less to help them get treated properly. Low-income families cannot provide 4___ for their children. ② The Chinese government is working with other countries and international Many low-income families organizations to explore and develop a new cannot afford to 5_______. 8_______ for China. Low-income families live on ③ The government encourages people to allowance 6____________. 9_________ in order that other measures to fight poverty will work. ④ The government has vowed to stop the spread of AIDS by providing free 10_______

Keys:1. medical treatment 2. consult 3.purchase/buy 4. a healthy diet 5. purchase medical insurance. 6. given by the government 7. half the cost 8. health care model 9. purchase medical insurance 10. tests and treatment

Answering the questions on P77. Step 7 Homework

Finish all the exercises on Word Study and Grammar on p77-79.

Integrating Reading Skills The Little Mould That Could (P79)

Step 1. Scan the passage and find the main idea

Paragraph 1 Fleming was excited about his discovery, which he called Penicillin, but other

scientists showed no interest.

Paragraph 2 Penicillin played a very important role during the World War II and at present as

well.

Paragraph 3 Fleming discovered a mould that can kill bacteria by accident. Paragraph 4 Health care in the past was often dangerous and risky.

Paragraph 5 Alexander Fleming invented many ways to treat the wounded during the World

War I

Read the title of the passage and put forward the following questions for the Ss to answer after scanning the passage as quickly as possible. 1. What could the little mould do?

(The little mould that could treat/cure/fight infection.)

2. who discovered it? When was it discovered? (In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered it) What is its name? (It is called penicillin)

(In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin that could treat/cure/fight infection.) Step 2 Careful reading Choose the best answers:

1.Who discovered penicillin? 答案：B

A. Howard Walter Florey. B. Alexander Fleming. C. Paul Ehrlich. D. Earnst Boris Chain.

2.It was not until_____that the importance of Fleming‘s discovery was fully recognized? 答案：B A. World WarⅠ B. World WarⅡ C.1928 D.1929 3.When did Fleming receive the Nobel Prize with the two other scientists? 答案：D A. In 1914. B. In 1928. C. In 1929. D. In 1945.

4.From Paragraph 4 of the text―The Little Mould That Could‖we can see that Fleming was all the following except______. 答案：D A. confident B. strong-willed C. hard-working D. kind and warm-hearted Step 3. Read the passage again and finish the exercises on the page 78 .And retell the life

experience of Fleming and how he discovered penicillin.

Alexander Fleming was a young doctor in the early 1900s when a German chemist developed a chemical treatment to cure an incurable disease. Fleming began using it in his clinic. Then in 1914, he had to go to the battlefield to treat wounded soldiers during World WarⅠ, when he invented many ways to treat the wounded. After returning from the war, he went on with the search for the chemical because he believed it could treat infections. One day, he found a mould was growing in some old glass containers. To his surprise, the bacteria he had been growing had died. He believed that it was the mould, which later he called penicillin that killed the bacteria. Penicillin was a great discovery. It played a very important role during World War Ⅱ and as well as at present time. Fleming was awarded Nobel Prize for his great discovery in 1945. Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin

Reading on P213

Florence Nightingale

She is remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for the reform of the British military health-care system. Main idea

Para.1 (Para1): Fear had gripped the nation when SARS broke out.

Parts2(Para2-7): Thanks to the quick and forceful action the country took and the sacrifices the

health care staff made, SARS ended in he summer of 2003.

Part 3 (Para 8): We will never forget the ―Angels in White‖.

Phrases:

1.take measures to do sth. 2.a laid-off worker

3.have an income of 4.to make matters worse

5.take a bank loan 6.put extra pressure on the family 7.keep a healthy diet 8.live in poverty 9.make ends meet 10.look forward to 11.ready-made clothes 12.cure many diseases 13.a story of hard work 14.search for

15.clean up 16.in a good mood 17.set a goal 18.be effective in

Unit 10 American literature

Teaching aims: 1.Goals:

 Talk about American Literature

 Practise predicting and describing what a story might be about  Review all the verb tenses  Write a book review 2.Special focus:

Improve reading skills and Enlarge vocabulary. a. Direct Ss to read the 3 passages on the text book;

b. Guide Ss to learn to use the following words and expressions:

Contribute to, adapt to, get accustomed to, garment, shabby, take pride in, attend to, etc. Reading A Sacrifice for Love (1) Step 1. Lead-in

1.Guide the students to get to know some famous American writers and their works by the forms of a competition:

The Adventure of Tom Sawyer ---- Mark Twain The Beast in the Jungle ----Henry James

A Farewell to Arms ----- Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea ----- Ernest Hemingway Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ----Mark Twain The Gift of the Magi ---- O. Henry The Call of the Wild ----Jack London

The Scarlet Letter ---- Nathaniel Hawthorne 2.Answer the following questions:

1.Which day is Chrismas day? It‘s December 25th. 2.What do you think of when you hear Christmas?

Gifts, Father Christmas, Christmas trees and gathering and happiness… Step 2. Scanning

Read the passage and try to answer the questions: 1.What‘s the story about?

The story tells that a woman called Della sold her beautiful hair to buy her husband a Christmas present-a gold watch chain. 2.What are Jim‘s wages?

Jim‘s wages are twenty dollars a week.

3.What price does Della pay to buy her present? 21dollars

4.What are the couple‘s two most precious possessions?

Jim‘s gold watch and Della‘s hair

5.How much is the rent of the flat per week? 8 dollars

Step 3 Careful-reading

Paragraph 1 Della wept because she had little money to buy Jim a present this Christmas. Paragraph 2 Della and Jim‘s living conditions.

Paragraph 3 Della wanted to buy Jim a Christmas present, which was worthy of being own by Jim. Paragraph 4 The young couple owned two precious things, one was Jim‘s gold watch, and the

other was Della‘s hair.

Paragraph 5 Della‘s beautiful hair.

Paragraph 6 Della decided to sell her hair in order to buy a present for her beloved.

Paragraph 7 Della got twenty dollars and then she began to buy Jim a Christmas present. Paragraph 8 She spent 21 dollars on a gold watch chain.

Paragraph 9 Della did her hair and looked like a little school girl.( Della decided to sell one of the

two precious things-her hair because she loved Jim.)

The main idea of the passage: The story tells that a woman called Della sold her beautiful hair to

buy her husband a Christmas present ---- a gold watch chain.

Step4. Analysis:

Five elements of a novel: Time—Place—Person—Event—End Time: Before Christmas

Place: Home-barbershop-stores-home Persons: Della, Jim– a couple

Event: To buy each other‘s Christmas Presents

Reason and Result: no money- sell their own best things—presents for their lost things- love Title: What do you think of the story A sacrifice For Love Della—sell—hair Jim—sell—watch The novel 1.Title: A Sacrifice for love 2.Characterws:Della and Jim (a couple) 3.Plot:Della sells her hair to buy a chain for Jim‘s watch while Jim sells his watch to buy combs for Della‘s hair Laugh with tears 1.Short and refine 2.Humorous and magnifying 3.Dramatic and moving 1.Short and refine 2.Humorous and magnifying 3.Dramatic and moving O. Henry, American writer. The passage is from his famous novel The Gift from Magi. 40 The Style The language The description The author Step 5. Choose the best answer

1.How much money was saved by Della before the Christmas Day ? B A. $ 8 B $ 1.87 C. $ 2 D. $ 8.7 2.Why did Della cut her hair off ? D

A. Because she wanted to give Jim a surprise B. Because she liked wearing short hair

C. Because she to be looked like a Coney Island Choir girl D. Because she needed more money to buy Jim a present 3.How much did Della get for selling her hair ? C A. $ 12 B. $ 18 C. $ 20 D. $ 22 4.What did Della buy for Jim‘s present ? B

A. A gold watch B. A gold watch chain C. A shave D. A overcoat 5.Which of the following is true according to the story ? D

A. The Christmas Day was coming . Della was very happy and she was looking forward to it B. Jim and Della were young and rich

C. Jim didn‘t love Della any more when he saw that she had her hair cut off

D. Jim‘s gold watch and Della‘s long were the two possessions which they both took pride in 6. The word in the fifth paragraph ― hesitated ‖ is closest in meaning to _______ . C A. imagined B. dreamed C. felt uncertain D. watched 7.Which of the following is NOT true according to the story ? D

A. The day before Christmas Della was worried because she had only saved one dollar and

eighty-seven cents for Jim‘s Christmas present

B. The young couple lived a hard life but they loved each other deeply

C. Della was very nervous and worried before she heard Jim‘s step when he came back home

from work

D. When Della saw her present , she was so happy to get the expensive combs that she burst into

tears

8.From the sentence ,‖ She stood by the window and looked out at a grey cat walking along a grey in a grey backyard . ‖ we can infer that Della was very ______ . D A. angry B. calm C. happy D sad Step 6 True or false:

1.James Dillingham Young is a rich young man F

2.Della lives in an eighbourhood with many trees and flowers. F 3.Jim and Della are a married couple . T

4.Della thinks having a haircut will make Jim happy . F 5.Della loves Jim . T

6.Della decided to have her hair cut out of her love for Jim . T Step7. Post-reading

Write a short description of Della

Della, who is a beautiful young woman, lives a poor life. She has no good housing conditions or valuable possessions, but she owns a loving husband and long beautiful brown hair. She loves her husband so much that she even cuts her unique hair to buy her husband a Christmas present. She is a nice woman, and she has a simple but warm life. Predict what will happen in the second part of the story

Her husband, Jim, will feel angry because Della looks ugly without her beautiful hair. They will have a quarrel in the evening because Jim thinks it isn‘t necessary to buy an expensive gift.And he just buys a cheap present for Della. Della will feel very sad and regret selling her hair. She will cry for a long time

Integrating Reading Skills A Sacrifice for Love (2) Step 1. Revision

1.Check the Ss how further they understand the American literature.

2.Check the homework. If necessary, give some examples to review the different tenses of verb. Exercise 1 &2 on p220-221 is specially designed to check the Ss if they are familiar with the Grammar.

Step 2. Scan the passage and find the main idea, then analyze the passage if possible. Read the passage in three minutes, and sum up every paragraph with one sentence:

Para.1: Della was anxious to wait for Jim and was afraid that Jim‘s love would go without her

beautiful long hair.

Para.2: Jim was burdened with the family and had no money to buy even e new overcoat or gloves. Para.3: Jim stared at Della with a strange expression on his face. Para.4: Della explained why she had her hair cut off. Para.5: Jim was still confused.

Para.6: Jim was awake and expressed nothing could make him love Della any less.

Para.7: Della was so happy when she sea a set of beautiful and expensive combs Jim bought her. Para.8: Della showed him her gift---- a gold watch chain that was worthy of his gold watch. Para.9: Jim told Della he sold his watch for her combs. The main idea:

The couple sacrifice their own possessions to buy each other‘s Christmas present, annotating that great love is impayable in the world. Step 3 Choose the best answer

1.What did Jim buy for Della‘s present ? C

A shampoo B. A hat C. A comb D. A necklace 2.Whatn does the story mainly tell us ? C

A. How to celebrate a happy Christmas for a young and rich couple B. How to choose Christmas presents for couples C. A love story between a young and poor couple D. Money is love Step 4 Discussion :

1.How did Della expect Jim to react when he saw her ?

Della thinks he will either be very angry or disappointed (or both ) and not love her any more . 2.What was Jim‘s reaction ? Describe his feelings .

Jim is shocked when he sees Della , and he doesn‘t know what to say . 3.Why did Della burst into tears when she opened the package ?

She cries because she reminded of her beautiful hair , and the combs which she so much wanted are now of no use to her . 4.Where did the take place ?

The story takes place in a city in America . 5.Explain the title this story . What does it mean ?

The title means that both Della and Jim give up their most precious possession for the love of each other .

6. Is the story humorous or not ? How would you describe the story ?

I think the story is humorous in a way , but also with some irony . It is hard to say the story is surprising .

7. Would you recommend the story to others ?

I‘d like to recommend the story to others . I will tell the story to them or suggest they read the novel .

Step 5 Writing—How to describe the plot of the story

Picture1:Della, poor, bargained when buying necessities in daily life to save money for the present

for Jim.

Picture2: Proud of her beautiful hair, fought with her own mind before finally decided to sell it to

get some money.

Picture3: Jim, sold the watch to get the money to buy the combs for Della. Picture4: Both of the presents couldn‘t be used, but they got real love. Phrases:

1. at a time 2. attend to 3. worthy of the honour 4. take pride in

5. do up 6. a tear or two / one or two tears 7. works of art 8. come into being 9. side by side 10. be burdened with 11. fix one‘s eyes on / upon 12.live through 13. be good to sb. 14. make mistake about 15. be upset 16. in tears 17. at length 18. put away

19. recommend … to

Unit 11 Key to success

Fast-reading

1.what is team work? ( Para. 2)

2.According to the author, what are requirements for teams to function well?

All team members should respect each other, have clear roles, support and help each other. 3.What is the function of group work?

Group work makes us aware of the role that is most suitable for each of us, bring the benefit of getting experience working with other people, show us how other people‘s roles fit the purpose of the group and teaches us to be patient and how to respect to different personalities. 4.How are the tasks of the group divided?

The tasks of the group are divided depending on the personalities and abilities of the individuals in the group.

5. How can we make the best of working with our classmates?

We should recognise their strengths and weaknesses. Their differences are the strength of the team. Knowing other people‘s shortcomings can help us avoid embarrassing them. careful- reading

what kinds of team do the writer write? try to compare them. Rugby team Project team

Similarities team work: individual people brought together, common goal , has a clear role, cooperate

Differences

1. made up of a certain number 2. goal---to win a match 3. members have different skills 4. coach 5. atmosphere

6. members should respect, help and support each other 1). members: people of different personalities and abilities (Para. 7) 2). take into account how each individual member works best True or False

1.In a sports team, the coach must be a member of the team.

2. In sports teams, group work can be successful when members respect, help and support each other. T

3. Sports teams require leaders, people to create ideas,people to develop ideas, people to do practical work, people to comment on and improve ideas, people to identify and solve problems, and people to suggest solutions.

4. Only rules and regulations can help teams function well. 5. Only people with the same personality work well together.

6.The author thinks the statement that some team members work best in tasks alone is contradictory.

Choose the best answers:

1.A team is ________ . D

A. a group of individual people brought together

B. a group of people who can accomplish a task more efficiently or effectively than any member of the group alone

C. a group of who will stay temporarily for a long time D. all the above

2. In sports games , a player _______ . B A. often changes his role B. has a clear role

C. feels that players with different abilities make different contributions to the team D. accepts the same expectations and responsibilities as the other players

3. The author takes _____ for example to show how a team can work well A A. the sports team B. the project team C. the rugby team D. a dynamic team

4.In order for a team to function well , people of the team must ______ . D A. respect each other B. co-operate

C. obey necessary rules and regulations D. all the above

5.Group work at school is important to students because _______ . D A. it is an opportunity to learn more about team work

B. it brings the benefit of getting experience working with others

C. it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different personalities D. it is a preparation for our working days to come

6.Why it is important in a team to know someone‘s personality type and ability ? D A. We can know a great deal about that person

B. Lack of recognition of differences in human function can be avoided C. We can build strong and good relationships between members of a team D. Both B and C

7.What is the main idea of Paragraph 7 ? C

A. How a project team is different from a rugby team B. How a project team works

C. In a project team , people who have different abilities and personalities have different roles in the team

D. How the tasks of the group are divided depends on personalities and abilities of the individuals in the group

8. In the whole text , the author mainly talks about _______ . A

A. the elements that make the team work

B. the importance of social relationships within a team C. the roles that different people of a group play

D. the comparison between a project team and a rugby team

9.According to the text , which of the following statements is not right ? A

A. The coach of a sports team is not counted as a team member , so he is less important B. Social relations are important within the team

C. The atmosphere in the group affects the performance of the team D. It‘s not necessary for all team members to be friends 10. We can infer from the test that ______ . B

A. the players in a rugby team should co-operate while the people in a project team needn‘t B. the players in a rugby team have clear roles while people in a project team may not have

C. the coach of a rugby team discusses strategy and makes decisions while the leader of a project team doesn‘t

D. the coach of a rugby team is important while the leader in a project team may not be as important

summary ask students to divide the passage into 3 parts. part 1: Para 1-2 general introduction of team work part 2: Para 3-6 sports teams ( rugby teams) part 3: Para 7-10 project teams further understanding

Para. 1: 1. Especially at school, it sometimes feels as if we are being asked to work in teams for the sake of just that. 特别是在学校里,有时我们感觉好象是为了团体活动而组织团体活动。

Para. 3: 2. It is important that all members of the team feel that each of them makes an equal contribution and that they help and support each other.

Para. 6: 3. As with sports teams, group work can …when group members respect…, while the work division…at the right level in the role that is …

Para. 7: 4. 整个段落用了三种不同的表达方式表达类似的意思 people who… people…are the ones… some are… Phrases:

1.stick with sb./sth.和某人/某物保持密切关系 ; 继续，坚持，保持

be stuck with sth./sb.被…缠住 stick out伸出，坚持到底，忍下去 stick to坚持，尊循 stick up竖立，向上突出 2.through thick and thin不顾艰难; 同甘共苦; 祸福与共

3. suspect sth./+clause怀疑/以为… suspect sb. to be… 怀疑/以为某人是… suspect sb. of sth./doing sth怀疑某人做…

4. what if 倘使…将会怎样？即使…又有什么要紧 , 尽管…又有什么关系含if的短语

only if 只有 if only要是…就好了 as if 好像

5. for the sake of=for one’s sake为了…，由于,看在…的份上

6.attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在另一物上将某物与另一物相联系 7. as with=as to =as for就…而言，至于…

8. keep an eye on=keep one‘s eye on 密切注意，看守，看管，留神一些与有关的短语

have an eye for 对…有鉴赏眼光 shut/close one’s eyes to 不理会，闭眼不见 get the eye 引人注目 catch one’s eyes 引起注意 by all eyes 聚精会神地 keep an eye out for 当心 keep an eye on 盯着

9. take into account = take into consideration= take account of 对…加以考虑, 顾及

Ticket to Success

Talking

What do you want to do after you graduate from high school? Different personality types

1.outgoing 2.caring 3.sympatheti 4.charming Lead in

Most of us are studying here aimed at going to universities. Is it the only way to succeed? Fast reading

Li yonghong made two important decisions in her life. What are they? (Para.1、2) 1). Left school and took a one-year training course to become a hairdresser. 2). Learnt how to do make-up. careful reading

1.Read the text quickly and explain what the text is about?

The text is about choices in life and careers. It suggests that different people have different talent, and that in order to be successful ,society and people have to make the best of their talent. 2.Li yonghong made two important decisions in her life. What are they? ( 1 ) She decided to start working instead of going to university.

( 2 ) She decided to save money while working and take training later in life. 3.The author distinguished two personality types .What are they?

Strong mental , intellectual type and strong practical ,hands-on experiences type 4.In order to become successful, what must you do? ( Para. 4、5、6)

1). explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to find out where your real interests lie. 2). follow what feels right.

3). we must make the most of our special talents and interests. 5.: What are the different learning styles:( Para. 7) 1). schools and universities

2). to try, experiment and find their way through hands-on experience Phrases:

1.have sb./sth.in mind 在想…,计划… bear/keep sb./sth. In mind记住,记…在心里 have…on one’s mind 把…挂在心上 2. congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth

congratulate sb. on one‘s marriage/ new job/ good exam results congratulate oneself on/upon (doing) sth认为自己幸运或成功 3. live up to 依照某事物行事,表现出符号某事物的标准 fail to live up to his parents‘ expectations

4. make the most of =make the best use of 最好/最大限度地利用

make use of 利用,使用 make good/full use of 好好利用,充分利用 5. shame

What a shame!遗憾的事，可惜 shameful可耻的 shameless不要脸的 ashamed羞耻，惭愧 I’m ashamed to do sty 不好意思做某事 shame的一些搭配:

feel shame (at/for) 感到羞耻 put…to shame 使感到羞耻,使蒙羞 bring shame on sb. 给某人带来耻辱

What a shame to do sth. What a shame that… It‘s a shame (that)… It‘s a shame to do sth.

6.hands-on: practical亲身实践的，实习的 have hands-on experience 7.accommodate sth to sth 适应，迁就，迎合

Unit 12 Education

Pre-reading

1. Look around your school and list all the equipment, people and plans that are needed to run a school. In order to run a school, we need buildings as classrooms and offices, a playground for the students to exercise, desks and chairs, blackboards and brushes, teachers and workers, and a lot of other things. Our government has to provide money to build buildings, buy equipment and pay for the teachers and workers. That will need a lot of money. In some places, the governments are too poor to run enough schools for all the children to go to school.

2. What arrangements does the government have to make to provide education for children in China? Discuss the problems or difficulties it may face?

A: I think the government should pass a law to make the parents send their school-age children to school.

B: The government should offer money for education, for example to make sure that all the good teachers are well paid. Then the teachers will work whole-heartedly.

C: The government should get rid of the exams in order to let the children learn more than they are examined. Lead-in

We are different from each other in many ways, so when learning the same subjects, we are likely to adopt different learning methods which suit ourselves. Then, what are the basic learning styles? And what is the feature of each style? Let us read this short passage and find out Outline

Fast reading

Main idea of each paragraph:

Para. A Compulsory education for all Chinese children Para. B Education for All—an international target

Para. C Encouraging people in rural areas to accept education Para. D Problems of number and location Para. E Meeting the cost

Para. F Solving the problem of teaching quality in remote areas

Para. G Education for all children worldwide will be difficult to achieve

Main idea of the text : The passage makes it clear that ―Education for all‖ is essential for the development of a country. The paragraphs mostly deal with measures that should be taken to achieve the target. Careful reading

1. According to the text , ______ of school-age children attended primary school by _______ . C

A. 99 % ; 2000 B. 86% ; 2000 C. 99% ; 2004 D. 86% ; 2004

2. What suggests that many countries realize the importance of education ? C

A. They realize that the future welfare of their citizens is closely linked to education B. They attended the World Education Forum in 2000

C. At the World Education Forum in 2000 , they made a commitment called ―Education for all‖ D. They are trying to get every child into school

3. ______ prevents some people attaching importance to education . D A. The importance of agriculture B. Heavy work on the farm C. Traditional ideas D. All the above

4. What kind of classes can often be seen in western provinces in China ? A A. Mixed grade classes B. Classes of large sizes C. Classes of small sizes

D. Classes by two-way radio and mail

5. What measures do many developing countries take to provide schools with necessary equipment? A. They call on their citizens to donate it B

B. They depend on aid from other countries and international organizations or programs C. They borrow it from their neighbor countries

D. Developed provinces provide aid for less developed provinces

6. How many countries are mentioned in the text to have adopted distance learning methods ? C A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

7. According to Paragraph F , which of the following is one of the education problems existing in America ? C

A. The quality of teaching is not good nationwide

B. There are too many families now below poverty line C. One third of the students live in the countryside D. Violent crimes take place in schoolyards 8. The text talks mainly about ______ . A

A. ―Education for all ‖----the international target

B. solving the problems of teaching quality in remote areas C. encouraging people in rural areas to accept education

D. problems of the number of people in one area and location

9. It‘s difficult for some countries in Africa and Asia to achieve the goal of ― Education for all ‖ , because _______ . D

A. the population is too large

B. they are facing many other problems , such as lack of fresh water and basic health care C. the international aid is far from enough D. the economy there is the least developed 10. Which of the statements is true ? D

A. People‘s attitude towards education affects education system

B. The number of people in one area and people‘s distribution can also cause education problems

C. Education system can be affected by economy D. All the above Comprehension

1.In _____, the Chinese government introduced a law stating that by the year _____ every Chinese child would have ____ years of compulsory education.(1986 , 2000 , nine)

2. It is reported that ____of school-age children in China attended primary school by 2004. (99%) 3. When the World Education Forum met in _____, it calculated that there were ____ million children not in school. (2000 , 113)

4. At the Forum, the member countries of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) made a commitment to provide ―complete, free and compulsory primary education for good quality for all children by _____‖. (2015)

5. In the Turks and Caicos Islands, where there are less than _______ people, the number of students in some school is so low that students of several different grades are taught in the same classroom. (20,000)

6. In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as _____ km away from the nearest school. (1,000)

7. ___________ students in United States lives in the countryside, and providing them with a full curriculum is difficult.(One in three )

8. China has also adopted distance learning methods such as television lessons and in _____, the Ministry of Education introduced computerized teaching networks in central and western China.

(1999)

9. Now, when a Chinese couple has ______, they can be confident that their child will be able to attend school. (a baby )

10. This mountain school in Lesotho, Africa has ____ students (120 )

11. The Alice Springs School of the Air in Australia has ____ children who live in an area of over __________ square kilometers. (140, one million )

12. There is ____ teacher, ____ classroom, no doors, windows, desks or chairs. (one , one )

According to the passing , which countries use the following methods to help them provide education ? Methods distance learning mixed-grade classes money from international organizations money from local organizations Countries Australia, China, the USA The Turks and Caicos Islands, parts of the remote central and western regions in China, China, the developing countries in Africa and Asia China, the developing countries What are the writing techniques of this passage?

1) Numbers and dates are used to make the point of view more acceptable.

2) In order to let more people take the advice, examples are provided, you may find them in Paragraph D. Discussion

Are there any ways in which education in your town could be improved? Which do you think is the most important aspect to change?

I think the government of our town should organize more activities to improve the students‘ health and abilities to solve practical problems. We should make the best of Internet to study. More libraries should be built in order to encourage more people to read and write. Contests and competitions of doing practical activities can be held to promote people‘s abilities.The poor should not be charged, otherwise they can not go to school. Give us more free time, that is, stop giving lessons on Saturdays or Sundays. Summary

The passage makes it known that ―Education for all‖ is essential for the development of a country. The paragraphs mostly deal with measures that should be taken to achieve the target, such as

creating a positive attitude to rural areas, having mixed-grade classes, distance learning and so on. The author of the passage shows us our country‘s achievements, inspiring us students to treasure the nine years of compulsory education and make the the best of it. Students in poor areas should be encouraged to keep on attending school and improve themselves through distance learning and other methods. On the other hand, students in developed areas should be instructed to offer their help to the poor. Sentence structure:

1.when learning something new, if you prefer to read the information, you are probably a student who learns through seeing.

2. students who find it easiest to learn a new concept by hearing ….

3.learning through doing means being active in exploring the environment and finding out … 4.Reading aloud, using a tape recorder …are the best by…. Explanation

1. commitment: n. pledge, undertaking

e.g. He doesn‘t want to get married because he doesn‘t want any commitments. 2. sceptical: adj. unwilling to believe something, doubtful e.g. We‘re sceptical of the team‘s chances of winning. I‘m sceptical about their professed sympathy for the poor. 3. tendency: n. leaning

e.g. There is a tendency for unemployment to rise this year. 4. donate: vt. contribute, give…to a charity e.g. How much money did you donate?

They used to donate generously to the Red Cross every year. 5. attach importance to…：重视

e.g. She attaches great importance to regular exercises.

6. drop out: leave school/university without finishing one‘s courses e.g. She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out later. 7. rather than: instead of, in preference

e.g. I think I‘ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 8. spread out: away from others

e.g. The search party spread out over the moor. Deal with language points: 1. be similar to 与。。。相似 My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers. 2. introduce 介绍，正式提交，实施

He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party.

The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course. The company is introducing a new range of products this year. The new law was introduced in 1991.

3. highly 与high 区别; close 与closely 区别

Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着？ The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。引申：Suddenly the door was ______and in came Mr. Wang. A. open wide B. widely open C. wide opened D. open widely

（答案为C，由前面的suddenly可见，此句强调动作，故用被动语态，而不用形容词，wide与widely都有副词，但是意义不同，他们的区别好象deep/deeply，high/highly，close/closely） 4. It is reported that 据报道。。。

类似的句型还有：it is said/ believed/hoped/announced that … 5. make a commitment to do 承诺

Commitment n. 承诺；约定；约束责任；承担义务 , 献身，投入（常与to sb/sth连用） a commitment to pay $50000 to Red Cross 承诺向红十字会提供50000美元 I've taken on too many commitments. 我承担的义务太多了。

He doesn't want to get married because he is afraid of any commitments. \"他不想结婚,因为他害怕承担任何责任。\" 6. face 用法

face to face 面对面地

I rushed out of the office and found myself face-to-face with the boss. \"我冲出办公室,面对面地碰上了老板。\"

The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman. 那窃贼转过墙角，面对面碰上一个。 in the face of 不顾；面对，在…前面

He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 尽管有巨大的困难，但他成功了。 Be faced with 面临

I realized that Hamlet was faced with an entirely different problem. 我意识到Hamlet面临着完全不同的问题。

The state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes. 国家面临紧迫的问题，收新税。 7. to begin with （插入语）首先

类似词组有：to start with; to tell the truth; to be honest; to be frank; to make things worse To begin with, what is an interior designer?

Although it had seemed a good reason, to begin with: no couple could afford to have children. 8. be skeptical of 怀疑 skeptical adj. ~ (about / of sth)

I am sceptical about his chances of winning. 我怀疑他取胜的可能性。

The public remain sceptical of these claims. 公众对这些说法仍持怀疑态度。 She looked highly sceptical.她一脸深表怀疑的神色。 9. attach importance to ….认为。。。很重要 ~ importance, significance, value, weight, etc. (to sth) I attach great importance to this research.

10. drop out 退学 1 退出，脱离2 退学，辍学

He has dropped out of active politics. 他已经不再积极参政了。

a word that has dropped out of the language 该语言中已经废弃的一个词。

She started a degree but dropped out after only a year. 她开始攻读工程学学位，但仅一年后就辍学了。

11. be willing /unwilling to do （不）愿意。（不）乐意 They keep a list of people (who are) willing to work nights. 他们有一份愿意夜间工作的人的名单。

I’m perfectly willing to discuss the problem.我十分乐意讨论这个问题。

They are unwilling to invest any more money in the project. 他们不愿再为这个项目投资。 She was unable, or unwilling, to give me any further details.她不能，或不愿意，向我提供进一步的细节。

12. mean 想要，意思是；

What did she mean by leaving so early (= why did she do it)? Don‘t laugh! I mean it (= I am serious). I‘m sorry I hurt you. I didn‘t mean to.

You‘re meant to (= you are supposed to) pay before you go in.

[常用被动] ~ sb for sth| ~ sb to be sth （想要某人成为，想要某人去做）

I was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier). 我根本就不是块当兵的料。

Philip and Kim were meant for each other (= are very suitable as partners). Philip 和Kim真是天生的一对。

[vn to inf] His father meant him to be an engineer. 他父亲想让他当工程师。 She did everything to get the two of them together, but I guess it just wasn’t meant to be.她极力撮合他两个，但我觉得那根本不可能。 By all means可以，当然行，没问题

‘Do you mind if I have a look?’ ‘By all means.’借我看一眼行吗？当然可以。 by means of sth (formal) 借助。。。手段，依靠。。。方法。

: The load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。 By no means 绝不，一点也不

She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 她绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。 We haven’t won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。 By no means are these cases exceptional. 这些例子绝不是例外。

13. distribute 分发，分配，分销，使散开，使分布；分散~ sth (to / among sb/sth)

The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims. 这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品和毯子。

The newspaper is distributed free. 这份报纸免费分发。

The money was distributed among schools in the area. 这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。 Who distributes our products in the UK? 谁在英国分销我们的产品？

Make sure that your weight is evenly distributed. 注意让你的体重分布均匀。 14. result in （造成，导致）, result from （因。。发生，随。。。产生）

job losses resulting from changes in production 生产革新造成的失业。 When water levels rise, flooding results. 水位上升，就会发洪水。

The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths. 飓风已经造成成千上万的人死亡。 [+ -ing] These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship. 这些使许多老人和残疾人在困苦中挣扎。

15. spread out 分散伸展身体，摊开东西

There’s more room to spread out in first class. 头等舱宽敞些，伸得开腿。

Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa？你就非得躺下，把整个大沙发全占了才行吗？

The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人员分散开来，好更快搜索这一地区。 16. as far as

as far as the eye can / could see 极目所尽

The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。

as far as I know | as far as I can re member, see, tell, etc. 就我所知道，尽我所记得的，依我看。

As far as we knew, there was no cause for concern. 就我们所知，没什么可担心的。 As far as I can see, you’ve done nothing wrong. 依我看，你没有做错任何事。

She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember. 据我所记得的，她过去住在Chicago。 as / so far as sb/sth is concerned |就。。。而言

As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。 17. available 可获得的，可找到的，有空的

Tickets are available free of charge from the school. 学校有免费票。 When will the information be made available? 何时才能了解到情况？ Further information is available on request. 详情备索。 This was the only room available. 这是唯一可用的房间。

We’ll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available. 一有货我们就会给你邮寄一本去。 Every available doctor was called to the scene.所有能找到的医生都备召集到了现场。 Will she be available this afternoon? 今天下午她有空吗？ 18. rely on /upon 依赖；依靠

These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.

[+ -ing] The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low. You can rely on me to keep your secret. He can‘t be relied on to tell the truth 19. adopt 收养，采用（方法）；采纳（建议，等）

All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem. 三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。

The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.委员会有望在下次会议上正式通过这项新。

20. overcome 克服，战胜

She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.

The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue. In the final game Sweden easily overcame France Integrating skills 1. have …in common

2. suggest 不用虚拟的用法 3. demonstrate 证明，论证，表达，显露，示范，演示，示威（常用搭配：demonstrate +that /wh--/to do）

Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing. 让我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。

His sudden departure had demonstrated how unreliable he was. 他突然离去，这说明他多么不可靠。

The theories were demonstrated to be false. 这些理论已被证明是错误的。

We want to demonstrate our commitment to human rights.我们向表明我们对的信念。 Her job involves demonstrating new educational software. 她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。 students demonstrating against the war. 举行反战示威的学生。 4. category 类别，种类

Students over 25 fall into a different category. 25岁以上的学生属于另一类。 The results can be divided into three main categories. 结果可以分成3大类。引申：categorize/se 将。。。分类，把。。加以分类

Participants were categorized according to age. 参加者按年龄和性别分组。

His latest work cannot be categorized as either a novel or an autobiography. 他的近作既不属于小说也不属于自传。 5. be active in 积极参加

She takes an active part in school life.

The parents were active in campaigning against cuts to the education budget. 6. approach vt./n. 接近，靠近，建议，要求，（待人接物或思考问题的）方法，方式，态度 We heard the sound of an approaching car / a car approaching。我们听见一辆车驶近的声音。 She approached the bank for a loan.她向银行要求贷款。

The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline. 学校决定采用另一种方式解决纪律问题。

She took the wrong approach in her dealings with them. 她用错误的手段和他们打交道。语法：

（一）本类词有hard，hardly；late，lately；most，mostly等等，这两种副词形式含义完全不同，所以，使用时不易引起混淆。

1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。 He hardly works at all.他很少干活。

2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了。

Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗？

3.The person who talks most is often the one who does least.说得最多的人常常干得最少。 The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。

4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京，而是绕道上海。

He will be here directly.他马上就来。

5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住。 Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不远处往右拐。 6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前。

He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点。 7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。

Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很漂亮。

（二）这类词主要有wide，widely；close， closely ；high，highly等等，这两种副词形式不同，含义也有差别，但是没有第一类的区别明显，而且翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含义及用法上的主要特点是：不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作，说明的动作或状况有可测量性和可见性；而以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。这时，这些词大都具有\"greatly\"和\"extremel y\"的含义。试作如下比较：

1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着？

The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。 2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。

We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。

3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.买那个望远镜你得付很高的价钱。 You will pay dearly for the insult. 对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。 4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。

The police were watching him closely.在密切监视他。 5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低。 He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。 6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。 You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。

7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。

The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘客。 8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大。 Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力。

（三）这类词主要有slow，slowly；quick，quickly等等异形同义词。当然，现代英语的语言规范性要求用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词，但由于句子结构以及搭配的不同，使用时也具有不同的倾向性。在此，主要探讨一下在什么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式。同时，把第二类中一些适应于下列规则的词也包括进去。总的说来，倾向于使用不带-ly副

词形式的情况大致有下列四种： Ⅰ 用作比较级或最高级时：

1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking evenquicker.艾伦走得很快，但乔治走得更快。

2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder.那些人在大声争吵着，但是喊叫得更响。

3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.汽车走得越来越慢，最后停了下来。

4.Let's see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快。

5.We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问题。 Ⅱ 有\"so\"或\"too\"修饰时：

1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 这一切发生得如此之快以致于我手足无措无

法对付了。

2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能赶上他了，你的车太慢了。 3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.别这样大声说话，孩子已经睡了。 Ⅲ 用于修饰表示移动、天气等常用动词时：

1.Come quick; we are waiting for you. 快来，我们在等你。

2.Drive slow; this part of the road is dangerous.车开慢一点，这段路很危险。 3.The sun shines bright.阳光明媚。

4.When we left the shelter, the snow was falling thickand the wind was blowing cold.我们离开那棚屋时，正下着大雪，刮着寒风。 5.Business is going strong.生意兴隆。

Ⅳ 在固定词组中或当用于修饰它经常固定搭配的动词时： 1.Take it easy.不要紧张。

2.Stand firm and hold it tight.站稳抓牢。 3.He often plays high.他赌注常下得很大。

4.The secretary copied the rough draft of her manager outfair.秘书把经理那份粗潦的草稿很清楚地誊写出来。

5.They were drinking deep in the fort deep into the night.他们在城堡中痛饮到深夜。

通过观察，以上三类词中第一类较易区别、掌握和使用。对于后两类词，在判别使用哪一种副词形式时一般可以考虑以下几个原则：第一是具体性与抽象性的原则。在表示实实在在的物体活动、位置移动或具体可见的状况和变化时，常使用不带-ly的副词形式，如：climb high，live close by，open wide，sink deep，tu rn sharp right；反之，具有抽象含义的动词常用以-ly结尾的副词，如：think highly of，look closely into，love dearly等等。第二个原则就是常用固定搭配与灵活搭配的不同。在一些固定词组或经常搭配使用的词组中，不带-ly 的副词形式使用得很多，如aim high，run high，fight fair，goeasy with，drink de ep，sleep sound 等等。第三个原则是口语体与标准体的使用区别。如有人说\"Speak loudly and clearly. \"也有人说\"Speak loud and clear.\"对此情况难说谁对谁错，只能说前一种说法属于规

范性语体；而后一种说法属于口语体。不带-ly 的简单形式是早期英语遗留下来的口语体形式。例如现在还有人说\"I badneed t his sort of material.\"就如G.O.寇姆在〈英语句法〉（Syntax）一书中说过的，带-ly 的副词是标准语或好的口语，但在松散的口语和大众语中人们仍然坚持使用没有-ly的简单形式。

根据以上原则，可以解释为什么可以说\"Don't talk so loud. \"但必须说 \"He protested／complained loudly。\"Talk loud 是常用的搭配形式，而且talk一词的形象也比较具体；protest与complain 则是搭配性很强的词，还常常和许多别的副词灵活搭配，如publicly，sharply，secretly等等。另外，这两个词比tal k更具感情色彩，所以也就更具抽象性。

Unit 13 The mystery of the Moonstone

Step 1 Pre-reading:

1.What do you already know about the story The Moonstone? Something about the Moonstone

2.How many main characters in the novel? Who are they? Characters :

Rachel Verinder : a beautiful and wealthy young woman, who lives with her mother and several

servants in a fine house in England.

Godfrey: a successful bachelor with many lady admirers, who asks Rachel to marry him . Franklin Blake: Rachel‘s childhood friend.

Dr. Candy: a local doctor who has a quarrel with Franklin about a prescription.

The Indians They follow the Moonstone around the world wait for an opportunity to take it back . Rosanna: Rachel‘s maid who seems fond of Franklin. Sergeant Cuff: a policeman. Step 2 Fast reading

Make the students try summing up the main ideas of some paragraphs, then show them some suggested ones.

Para 1 : sth about the moonstone

Para 2: some information about Rachel

Para 3 : the tension and strange things caused by the moonstone Para 4 : sth happened at Rachel‘s birthday party

Para 5 : the miss of the moonstone and Sergeant Cuff‘s discovering Para 6 : the 1st suspect Para 7 : the 2nd suspect Para 8 : the 3rd suspect Para 9 : the 4th suspect

Para 10: Sergeant‘s vital clue

Analyse the structure of the passage:

Part 1 ---- Paragraph 1 : How Rachel gets the Moonstone as her present.

Part 2 ---- Paragraph 2: Rachel‘s happy life before her eighteenth birthday party. Part 3 ---- Para 3-4: What happens at the party.

Part 4 ---- Para 5: the Moonstone is missing and Sergeant Cuff is asked to investigate the case. Part 5 ---- Para 6-9: how Sergeant Cuff analyse the case

Part 6 ---- Para.10 the last paragraph: Sergeant Cuff finds a vital clue of the theft ---- a smear in

the wet paint on the door.

Step 3 Careful reading

1.Who gave Rachel the Moonstone ?Why did he give it to her ?Where did her uncle get the Moonstone ?

Rachel‘s uncle gave her the Moonstone .He wanted to pass on his bad fortune to her in an act of revenge .He stole the diamond from the temple in India. 2.What happened to the diamond after the birthday party ? It was gone .

2. Sergeant Cuff thought many people might have stolen the diamond .Who do you think stole

the diamond ? Decide true or false:

1.The man who stole the Moonstone left it to his sister’s daughter because he loved her very much. F

2.Godfrey was under suspicious for stealing the diamond because Rachel refused his marriage . 3.Sergeant Cuff has one vital clue_ the stained garment . F

4.Franklin’s being love with Rachel made Dr Candy angry for Dr Candy loved her deeply. F 5.Rosanna may have taken the diamond to please Franklin who had heavy debts. F Choose the best answers

1.Why did the man who stole the Moonstone give it to his sister‘s daughter ? C A. Because he wanted to help her B. Because he had no other relatives

C. Because he wanted to pass on his bad fortune to her D. The text didn‘t tell us

2. Why did Franklin quit smoking ? B A. Because smoking damaged his health B. Because Rachel asked him to

C. Because he wanted to please Rachel D. The servants asked him to

3. Why did Godfrey ask Rachel to marry him ? A

A. Because he wanted to get the Moonstone because of his heavy debt B. Because he loved her

C. Because he didn‘t wish Rachel to marry Franklin D. Because he wanted to destroy her family

4. The word ― vital ‖ is closest in meaning to ______ . B A. deadly B. important C. curious D. clear

5. Why didn‘t Rachel answer the detective‘s question ? A

A. Because she loved him and she wanted to protect him B. Because she didn‘t see him move the Moonstone C. She was afraid of being killed by Franklin D. Because she hated Franklin

6. Who moved the Moonstone at night ? B

A. Dr. Candy B. Franklin C. Godfrey D. Rachel‘s mother 7. You can find out the topic of the text simply from ______ . A A. the title B. the first paragraph C. the second paragraph D. the last paragraph

8. When did the real story of the Moonstone take place ? B

A. In the 10s B. In the 1790s C. In the 1840s D. In the 1800s 9. In your opinion , who might kill Godfrey ? D

A. Franklin B. Dr. Candy C. Rachel D. The Indians

10. How many people saw Franklin move the Moonstone to his bedroom ? A A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. No one Step 4 Post-reading:

1. Rachel‘s birthday party was not a success. Why not?

Several arguments and strange things happened: Godfrey proposed marriage to Rachel and was turned down, Franklin argued with Mr. Candy, and Indian entertainers arrived but gave poor entertainment. The passage also suggests a reason why the party was not successful might be the bad luck of the Moonstone. 2． Why did Sergeant Cuff think Franklin might have stolen the diamond?

He is enthusiastic to help the investigation even though this makes Rechel very angry. Is he covering up hid guilt?

A list about the suspects and reasons : Suspects The Indians Godfrey Dr Candy Rachel Rosanna Reasons for Suspicion They followed the Moonstone around the world waiting for an opportunity to take it back to India . He might have stolen the Moonstone as revenge for loss of face ,because Rachel turned down his proposal of marriage . As with Godfrey, he lost face because of the quarrelling with Franklin. Perhaps she had debts that needed to be paid . She might have taken the diamond either from force of habit ,for she was a thief before Rachel’s mother gave her a job or cause a disagreement 61 between Rachel and Franklin Franklin He gave the detective assistance.His enthusiasm was the reason why he was suspected ,because it was not his business. Step 5 What are the main clue of the story? The detective story develops completely following the structure: the appearance of the Moonstone (receiving from Rachel‘s uncle) ---- the loss of the Moonstone ---- the investigation of the Moonstone (and the person who might have stolen it )---- discovery of the truths or facts.

Integrating Skills Solving the mystery of the moonstone

Step 1 Lead-in

In reading part, sergeant cuff had several suspects and it was difficult for him to make certain who was the theft. For the sake of the clue mentioned by cuff, can you guess the real theft? Scan the passage and make out how the story develops:

Part 1---- Paras 1-2: how puzzled Sergeant Cuff was at the case before he knew the truth. Part 2---- Paras3-7: the things that happened after the diamond had been stolen. Part 3----Paras 8-9: the result of the case: Sergeant Cuff discovered the thief. Part 4----: the feeling and thoughts Sergeant Cuff has about the case. Step 2 Read the passage and finish the exercise

Get the students to read the passage and ask some questions: 1.Who was it that wrote the passage? _______

A Rachel B Rosanna C Franklin D the sergeant

2. Why did Rachel cancel the wedding after her accepting Godfrey? Because _____ A Rachel never loved him that much.

B Rachel sensed Godfrey loved her great wealth extremely. C The Indians attacked Godfrey. 2. Why did the author say the case of the moonstone was most unusual?______ A It is difficult to distinguish the many characters referred to in the text. B Because of there being no effective clues

C Because there was the clue only, but it was hard to find the person leaving it behind. 3. According to the text, who made the sergeant not suspect Franklin any more?______ A Rachel and Rosanna B Dr. Candy C Franklin himself and Dr. Candy 4. We are told who the real theft was.__________

A Rachel and Franklin B the Indians C Godfrey D. Sergeant Cuff 5.Which one is correct in the following?

A Godfrey bought the moonstone at a high price.

B Sergeant Cuff didn‘t know the reason for Godfrey‘s death so he wasn‘t a professional detective. C The moonstone was gone without any cause at last.

D The passage is about how the sergeant finished the case of the moonstone.

Unit 14 Zoology

Step 1 Fast reading

Answer the following questions

1. How do honey bees communicate with each other? (Para 3) 2. What information do the two dances convey? (Para 4) True or False:

( ) 1. Von Frisch and his co-workers counted hoe many times the bees repeated the wagging

dance during one hour.

( ) 2. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the faster the dance was. ( ) 3. The number of wagging dances per minute told the direction to the feeding place.

( ) 4. Then Professor Von Frisch did his third experiment, which was to discover whether the

wagging dance showed direction.

( ) 5. He found that the straight part of the dance was the same in the morning from what it had

been in the afternoon.

( ) 6. If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dance headed straight onward during the

straight part of the wagging dance.

( ) 7. The experiment of Professor Karl Von Frisch tells us that bees can and do communicate with each other by their dances, which may be called a kind of ―language‖. Suggested Answers: FFFTFFT Step 2 Careful reading

make a summary of each part:

Part 1: (Para 1) Some basic knowledge about bees. Part 2: (Paras 2-8) Professor Von Frisch‘s experiment. Part 3: (the last Para) The late life of Professor Von Frisch. Choose the best answer

1.The scientist can research the language of the honeybees because of the development of ____ .D A. the modern beehive B. experiment C. dishes of honey D. both A and B 2. The phrase ― tell the bees apart ‖ in Paragraph 2 means ______ . B A. tell the bees separately B. tell one bee from the other C. drive the bees away D. tear the bees into pieces

3. After the marked bees danced , the other bees _____ . D A. danced together B. became very excited C. seemed not to noticed it D. both A and B

4. Different dances indict different ______ . B

A. food B. feeding place C. steps D. semicircle

5. The phrase ― come to light ‖ in Paragraph 5 means _______ . A A. become known

B. come to a bright place C. turn bright D. both A and B

6. The circle dances told the bees about ______ . A A. the position of the feeding place B. the distance of the feeding place C. the amount of the food

D. all the information about food

7. The number of the wagging dances per minute told ______ . C A. the position of the feeding place B. the amount of the food

C. the distance of the feeding place D. all the information about food

8.You can find the main idea of the test simply from _____ . A A. the title

B. the first paragraph C. the second paragraph D. the last paragraph

9.Karl Von Frisch made an experiment to research ______ . C A. the food of honeybees B. the dance of honeybees

C. the ways honeybees communicate D. the hive of honeybees

10. Which of the statements is possible according to the last paragraph? D A. We human beings can communicate as honeybees do B. We human beings can go as quickly as honeybees

C. We human beings can come to help each other in a fast way D. We human beings can learn something from animal‘s behavior Step 3 Language points

1．tell ------ apart 识别，辨别动副短语常与can，could，be able to 连用。 eg. Can you tell the two things apart ？（tell apart the two things）

eg. The twins are so much alike that their own mother can not tell them apart. tell -----from-----

2. one after another one by one

eg. They have solved problems one after another since they came.（强调数量之多） eg. After class the students left the classroom silently one by one. （强调顺序）

3.They troop behind the first dancer, copying its movements. troop Vi. 结队而行，成群涌向。句子主语应是复数。 eg. The children trooped into the park.

eg. The game was over and the players trooped home.

n. 一群，许多。（常用复数） A troop of visitors /students (a group of / a line of) copy 模仿，效仿 eg. You should copy his strong points ,not his weak points. 4.What else else 常放在疑问代词或副词后面

who else ,where else ,nobody else ,anything else eg.Where else did he go? 注：所有格

5. faraway 遥远的 nearby 附近的 eg. a faraway forest a nearby hotel

faraway 作表语或状语用 far away , nearby 作表语或状语可用nearby, near by, near-by. eg. The house is far away. eg. They live near-by less than a kilometer. 6. come to light 发现，暴露 (to be discovered)

eg.The money didn‘t come to light until the old man died. eg. New facts about the case have recently come to light. 注：come to light ,come about 中come 不用被动态 7.make a beeline for sp. 走直路，走近路 eg. As he spoke he made a beeline for the door.

eg. If you want catch with the team, you‘d better make a beeline for them. head for sp. eg. The ship is heading for London for repairs. 8.except/ except that /except for/ but/besides/apart from eg. We all succeed _______ Tom.. (except)

eg.I looked everywhere _________ in the bedroom.. (except) eg.He is a good man _______hot temper. (except for)

eg. Your article is quite good ________there are several spelling mistakes. (except that) eg._________me ,there were ten other people at the meeting. (Besides, Apart from) eg. The doctor told me nothing ______to stop smoking. (but) eg. Last night I did nothing _____ watch TV. (but) Integrating Skills Step 1 Lead in

Which group do the zoologists place human Beings? Primates.

Primates include other mammals such as apes and monkeys, and they share certain characteristics. Step 2 Fast reading

1 What are the key features found in primates? (Para 1)

2 Do you think it is possible to teach chimpanzees to use language and do other things that we consider typically human? Why or why not? (Para 6) 3.Can you name some key features found in primates?

Their hands and feet can grasp and often have opposable thumbs and toes. 4. Which two groups are the primates divided?

Higher primates and lower primates. Or new world primates and old world primates. 5. What are the differences between apes and monkeys?

Apes have no tails, nearly all monkeys do; apes tend to be larger and walk more upright; apes use sight more than smell. Apes also have more developed brains and give birth to fewer young. 6. What do primates use to express themselves and communicate?

They use facial expressions, body language and sounds to express themselves and they can even use colour and smell to communicate.

7. Why the experiments may not tell us much about how chimpanzees think and what they are able to do?

The reason is what the chimpanzees are trained to do is not natural to them, nor does it make much sense to the animals. Step 3 Careful reading

Scan the passage and complete the chart below: Types Characteristics and examples Primate 1. hands and feet can grasp and often have opposable thumbs and toes; 2. have a better sense of touch and the primate brain is larger. Other animals 1. not good at holding, moving, and using objects; 2. have a weak sense of touch and small brain. Higher primates Large size of brain, such as human beings and apes. Lower primates Small size of brain. Monkeys Have tails, small and walk less upright. Apes not tail, larger and walk more upright, use sight more than smell, developed brain. Now world Bigger and spend more time on the ground, such as monkeys, primates apes and humans Suggested answers to Ex 1 on Page 126 Primates Primates have hands and feet Other that can grasp or thumbs and animals toes that are opposable. Primates also have a highly developed sense of touch and a brain that is larger—compared to body size—than that of other animals. Higher Larger brains primates

Other animals have smaller brains compared to their body size. Lower primates 66

Smaller brains Monkeys Most monkeys have tails; Apes monkeys are smaller and doesn’t walk upright as apes; their brains are less developed. Apes have no tails; apes tend to be larger and walk more upright; apes use sight more than smell; an ape’s brain is more developed; apes have fewer young The group includes monkeys, apes and humans. Old world primates are bigger and spend more time on the ground. New world primates The group includes, among Old world others, the spider monkey and primates the night monkey. New world primates are usually small and live in trees Suggested answers to Ex 2 on Page 126

Higher primates, such as chimpanzees, are genetically very similar to human beings. They walk like us (upright) and have hands and feet that can grasp. Chimpanzees and other higher primates also behave in ―human‖ ways: they live in groups, they communicate with each other, and they use tools to find and eat food. However, these similarities do not mean that higher primates necessarily think like humans or are able to do what humans do, such as the solve problems and use human language. Some primates, such as chimpanzees, also still have opposable toes, but human beings don‘t. Step 4 Discussion

Do you think it is possible to teach chimpanzees to use language and do other things that we consider typically human? Why or why not? Step 5 Language points

1.That means that primates are better than other animals at holding, moving and using objects. better than other animals是比较级表最高级的用法.

(1) 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 He is taller than any other boy in his class.

(2) 比较级+than+all the other +复数名词 He is taller than all the other boys in his class (3) 比较级+than +anyone else He is taller than anyone else 2. Notably

(1) adv.值得注意的;愿意地;引人注目地;显然

Many members are notably absent from the meeting.

(2) 尤其地;特别地 Many members were absent, notably the vice-chairman.

3. Compared to (with)与……相比较 Compared to (with) her mother, she is tall. compare…with…把……和……做比较 compare…to… 把……比作…… beyond/past/without compare无比的;无双的

4. feast on 或feast…on…宴请(某人),款待;尽情地吃 He feasted his friends on turkey. We feasted all evening on the best food and drink.

Unit 15 Popular youth culture

Step 1 Lead-in

What do you about him?

He is a volunteer—a person who donates his time to help others. After he graduated from university, he decided not to apply for a job straight away. Instead he taught in remote areas to help children there receive good education. And education is essential to poverty relief, so his work is making a big difference to the children‘s future.

Step 2 Scanning: Read the passage quickly and choose the best answers 1.Volunteers refer to ________ . D

A. people who are willing to help others

B. people who devote their time to helping others C. people who donate their time to help others D. all of the above

2. Volunteers do voluntary work in order to _______ . B A. make money

B. make a contribution to society C. kill time

D. become healthy

3. ______ volunteers are mentioned in the text C A. one B. Two C. Three D. Four 4. Text One mainly tells us ________ . C A. voluntary work is interesting B. voluntary work is demanding

C. voluntary work can make a difference not only to the helped people but also to the volunteers themselves whatever kind it is D. how to do voluntary work

5. From Text One we can infer that voluntary work is worth doing for ______ . D A. only young people B. healthy people C. people with knowledge D. almost all people

Step 3 Careful reading volunteers Lu Hao What activity When Where Lin Ying Meng Yu ―1 helps 1‖ scheme of the Go West Project organized An event organized Youth volunteer Community by the Communist Youth by Meng Yu and her Development Project League of China classmates Every Tuesday and Friday In the old man‘s house After graduation During weekends In a remote rural school of In Canada southwest China 68

What do to Shopping, house work, read, teach drink, chat Some poor kids Went without food or 30 hours Starving children Whom to An lonely old man help Benefits to Mr zhao doesn‘t feel lonely any more; his health has been others improved; he feels more energetic and optimistic. These kids become eager Make the children to learn; the pass rate has get rid of starvation greatly improved; the and lice a better life. children will get rid of the poverty and has a bright future. Step 4 Read the passage once again and get the main idea of the passage and understand the writing purpose.

Main idea: The text relates the three students‘ experiences as volunteers. It shows that ―… each contribution--- no matter how small can make a difference.‖ And it also shows that voluntary work benefits not only the people helped but also volunteers. It encourages us students to volunteer to make a contribution to the society.

Writing Purpose: By retelling the three students‘ experiences as volunteers, the writer tries to make us learn about some voluntary work and realize that voluntary work benefits not only society but also volunteers. He calls on and encourages us students to take part in voluntary work so as to improve ourselves, get the job we dream and make the world more beautiful and harmonious.

Step 5 List all the benefits mentioned in the text and add more . Benefits to volunteer

improved history grades

acquiring valuable skills and experience for future career more opportunities for jobs and high education

build confidence self-awareness good communication skills maturity leadership ability make friends

more positive motivation to succeed Benefits to people helped improved health more energetic more optimistic

national exam pass rates improved poverty relief improved future prospects money to buy food Step 6 Discussion

1.Would you like to be a volunteer?

2.What kind of voluntary work do you like to do?

3.What benefits does it bring to you and the people who are helped?

Integrating Reading Skills

Step 1 Scan the passage and find out what happened in the years:

In 1870s: A shopkeeper in San Francisco succeeded in selling denim work trousers.

In 1930s: Many young American men bought jeans and dressed like their cowboy film stars. In World War Two: American jeans were introduced by the soldiers to the world.

After the war: American teenagers started to make denim jeans their own unique item of

fashion.

In 1950s: The school ban on students wearing jeans make jeans even more popular.

Between 1950s and 1990s: The jeans have been through many different changes in style.

In 1990s: Jeans were made more stretch and even tighter over the bottom and legs. More Recently: Wearing jeans that looked very old became popular. Step 2 Choose the best answer

1. The idea of blue trousers called jeans came from_______ . A A. Europe B. America C. Asia D. Africa

2. People began to buy jeans for fashion beside for work _______ . C A. in the 1900s B. in 1930 C. in the 1930s D. in the 1920s 3. ______ introduced jeans to the world. B

A. America government B. America soldiers C. America cowboys D. America workers 4. From Text Two we can infer _______ . C A. jeans will be less popular B. jeans will disappear

C. jeans will still be popular D. jeans will be out of fashion

Step 3 Read and answer the following questions 1.Where do jeans come from?

The idea of blue trousers called jeans came from Europe,but the jeans today are very much an American invention. 2.How were they invented?

They were created by a shopkeeper in San Francisco.His shop sold denim work trousers to men employed in heavy labour.

3.Why did people in the past like to wear jeans? Is this still true today? Because they were cheap and strong. They were also comfortable 4. What is the symbol of denim jeans?

Denim has become a symbol of the young,active,inform way of life. Step 4 Discussion

Read the last paragraph and tell us what‘s about? It‘s a survey report on jeans and fashion in the UK. Step 5 language points

1.acknowledge vt ( admit ; express thanks for) acknowledge +n do you acknowledge defeat?

acknowledge+doing The opponents ackonwledged having been defeated.

. acknowledge+that The opponents ackonwledged that they were defeated. 2. company n. being together with another or others I enjoy his company. 3. fit in be in harmony with sb./sth

You can‘t bring outsides into a place like this , they won‘t fit in. You should fit in with other employees

4.Make a / one‘s contribution to / towards + n /doing

It is our duty to make a contribution to protecting the environment.

be used to be equal to devote oneself to get down to lead to look forward to pay attention to stick to see to

5. apply v ( make a formal request) ( fit be suitable /useful) I was admitted to a key university to which few dared to apply. 6.straight away /off : without hesitation /delay I can‘t tell you straight away.

Workbook Game on or game over？ 1. which of the following is wrong？B

A. playing computer games can be beneficial to children‘s development.

B. China Daily reported that all the gamers were high-scoring students in the college entrance exams.

C. games can improve students‘ learning skills.

D. Gamers are skilled in using information technology.

2. Teachers in the USA found that gaming can improve students in________. D A.Spelling B. maths C. Reading D. listening

3. Which is not the reasons why children become addicted to computer games？B

A.Playing computer games is one of the most popular free time activities for young people. And it does have a number of benefits.

B.Children want to make full use of the powerful tool to study.

C.Young children usually spend so many hours gaming every week.

D.Some children find the pressure of studying too much and turn to games as a way to escape. 4. What is the main idea of the text？C

A.Internet is a powerful tool that needs to be used with care.

B.Playing computer games can be beneficial to children‘s development and to the country. C.Should we play computer games or give it up？

D.Playing computer games worries parents, educators and the government for children

becoming addicted to it.

5.All but_____ are the consequences of playing computer games. D A.falling behind in their studies B.Suffering health C.Causing social problems D.Resulting in comedy

6. What is the main solution to the problem that children are addicted to computer games？A A.Children should have balance in their lives. B.Children should keep away from online games.

C.Children should spend all the time on sleep, sport, hobbies, friends and family as well as study. D.Parents , teachers should choose games for children to play. Phrases

Be beneficial to 对…有益 High-scoring students得高分学生 The college entrance exams高考 Compete in sth. 在…竞争 Be skilled in doing熟练地做某事 Depend heavily on极其依赖

Make time for抽空做… Bring…to one‘s attention使某人注意某事 Be addicted to对…上瘾 Online gaming网络游戏 End up结束 Passage B: WWW.WLMAMA. COM

1. Lou Huanrong helped young Internet addicts to____.D A.stop playing online games

B.Understand why they were addicted to the Internet C.Realize how important it was not to miss school

D.Change their lives so that they had time for other activities.

2. Because Liu Huanrong _____, she is able to help troubled teenagers.A A.Knows what it is like to have difficulties B.Is able to use a computer C.Has special abilities

D.Has made her life successful

3. The Web Mother website was started because _____.D A.Liu Huanrong gave up her job as an accountant B.Parents wanted advice about the Internet C.All the online chat rooms were busy D.It could provide support to more people

4. Young people who are addicted to the Internet_____.B

A.like to feel in control B.often have problems in other aspects of their lives C.are dishonest D.do not talk to their parents Phrases

a turning point in one‘s life人生中的转折点 find solutions to the problems找出解决问题的办法 make the adjustments做调整 restore balance恢复平衡 a large amount of大量 post an article on the Internet在网上贴文章 achieve fame as获得…的名声

possess special abilities有特异能力 open up a debate展开辩论Be available to do可利用的

Build a successful life构建成功的 Be involved in 与…有关

Aggressive behaviour攻击性的行为 Fit in和…和睦相处,处得很好 1. addict vt. 使沉溺; 嗜好;使...成瘾, 热中于

addict oneself to 沉溺于, 醉心于 be addicted to 嗜好, 热中vi. 使人上瘾 Drugs are addicting. 麻醉品会使人上瘾。

n.入迷的人, 有瘾的人上了瘾的人 film addict 电影迷

2. Benefit n. 利益, 好处 vt.有益于, 有助于 vi. 受益（常与from, by连用）获益；得益于植物得益于这场雨。The plants benefited from the rain. 我们得益于每天做操。We benefit from daily exercises.

2. be all attention 十分注意, 全神贯注 bring sth. to sb.'s attention 使某人注意某事 call \\ draw\\ invite sb.'s attention to sth. 促使某人注意某事 call to attention 【军】喊立正 Catch\\ arrest\\ attract sb.'s attention 引起某人的注意

3. focus one's attention on把注意力集中在... center one's attention on把注意力集中在... give (one's)attention to注意; 关心 pay attention to注意, 重视, 倾听 pay one's attentions to殷勤款待某人, 向(女人)献殷勤

2. Teenagers who spend long hours online can end up falling behind in their studies and suffering health and social problems. end up

The robber ended up in prison. The meeting ended up in failure.

end with 以...结束end make (both) ends meet 收支相抵 on end 连续地;竖着，直立的 bring to an end 结束, 完成, 终止

2. can 有时会… Children can be annoying .

He is always selfish while he can be helpful when staying with his girlfriend 4. fit in 1. 和…和睦相处,处得很好

The new boy fitted in well with his room-mates. He tries to fit in with others, but it was difficult. 2. 适合,符合,配合,一致

We must fit our plan in with yours. Your ideas fit in with mine.

The house fits nicely in that wooded environment. fit up

解决,安排;确定,决定;给…安排住处;搭起;安装;修理;收拾 We fix him up for the night at our house. We fix up a date for the dance. They are busy fixing up a light. Passage C:

1.Teenagers in Beijing_____. C

A.Cannot play football in winter B.Prefer snowboarding to football C.Prefer snowboarding to skateboarding D.Like to follow fashion

2. Suppliers are eager to promote snowboarding in China because_______.B A.They think it is a cool sport

B.They can also make part in winter sports than in other countries C.More people take part in winter sports than in other countries

D.They think snowboarding will be more popular in China than in other countries 3. More people may be able to afford snowboarding in the future because_______. B A.Snowboarding in Sichuan, Xinjiang and Yunan will be cheaper B.More winter sports centres will open

C.More young people will find jobs in the summer holidays

D.People will not have to travel to northern China to participate in the sport have a go试一试 Try out试验 Slide down滑倒

trendy时髦的，赶时髦的人

1. Go n.[口]精神[力];尝试;[口] 成功;[口]约定, 协定, 交易;[the go]时髦, 流行式样;拳击比赛, 比赛; 轮到的机会;[口]事态; (难办的)事情 He has plenty of go. 他精力充沛。 Let's have a go at it. 让我们来试试。

Here's a pretty go! [What a go!] 这事真难办!

It's a go. 一言为定。[成交了。好吧, 就这样决定了。] This style is all the go. 这式样正流行。 It‘s a queer go. 这是件奇怪的事。

the come and go of the seasons 四季的来去

first go [口]第一次尝试; 一口气; 一下子; 首先

try out 提炼, 熬油, (采用前)严密试验; 筛矿; 量(金属的)纯度 Try the car out before you take it. try for 立志要; 企图达到 try on 试穿(衣服); 试试看 [英口](对...)耍花招, 试施诡计 try over 试演(戏剧等)

一些男孩子在溜冰。Some boys are sliding on the ice. 小船轻轻驶过。A boat glided past.

钢笔从他手中滑落。The pen slipped from his hand. let sth. Slide 对某事漫不经心, 听其自然 let things [it] slide 听其自然 on the slide [口]日益恶化 slide away 溜掉

slide into 不自觉地陷入(某种状态); 把...轻轻[偷偷]放入 slide over [round, around] 一语带过, 略过, 回避, 让...滑过

Unit 16 Finding jobs

Step 1 Read the passage carefully and then analyze the structure of the text. Para. 1-3 : The success of David Beckham in the football career. Para 4: The difference between football and other careers. Para 5: The special qualities required by footballers.

Para 6-7: The programs set up for young footballers in both China and the UK. Para 8: Football dreams don‘t often come true like David. Step 2 Choose the best answer

1.As a boy , David dreamt of being a professional _________ player . C A. basketball B. baseball C. football D. volleyball

2. At ______ little David was invited to join Manchester limited as a trainee . B A. 15 B. 16 C. 17 D. 18

3. Now David is famous for the following except ________ . C A. his haircuts B. lifestyle C. his shoes D. scoring goals 4. _______ is the most important for a footballer . D

A. Mental strength B. Strong character C.A positive attitude D. Talent 5. There are _____ stages for a football player in the UK . A A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 4

6. At _______ in the UK the life as a professional footballer begins . B A. 17 B. 18 C. 19 D. 20

7. How much money a footballer earns depends on ________ . D A. his performance

B. how many matches his team wins C. his fame D. A and B

8. The text is mainly that _______ . B A. football is a good career choice

B. football is not a good career choice because it is a competitive occupation and few footballer

can be successful

C. football is not a good career choice because you can not earn much money D. none of the above

9. Since David is successful , we can infer he must have _______ . D

A. talent B. good team spirit C. a positive attitude D. all of the above 10. The problem of the first application form is ______ . D A. she is too modest

B. her personal statement is too general C. there are corrected mistakes D. all of the above

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