S30403不锈钢无缝钢管焊接接头工艺和性能的影响。试 结果表明,
焊接保护剂的结果能够满足NB/T保护#47014&2011 定的要求,与 的 保 当,在实际生产 替代
关键词:S30403不锈钢;无缝钢管;打底焊;焊接保护剂;充氟气保护 中图分类号:TG457.40 前言S30403不锈钢无缝钢管属于奥氏体不锈钢,其不 具有较高的强度和塑性,还具有
不稳定;最后, 在 、复杂 、野外焊接保等特殊情况下实
了生产
较困难, ,
了焊接难度,降低[6'11]o
的 蚀和耐剂在不锈钢无缝钢管焊接
保护工艺对比,寻求
, 对两种背面氧化性能,在 有广泛的应用#不锈钢无缝保 , 背 的焊缝金的保 ,具有重要的现钢管焊接时,如果不
属
实 #1试验材料及方法1.〔试验材料试验母材为! 114. 30 mm X 8. 56 mm 的S30403 不
氧化,产焊接缺陷, 蚀性能下降#
焊缝金属力学性能和背面保护,不锈钢无缝钢
问题一直是焊接行 的问题[1-5]#目前 的不锈钢无缝钢管焊接
焊(TIG)打底,背
的方法是法#但是不保护,这
,锈钢无缝钢管,化 分和力学性能见表1和表2#钢在 根部焊缝熔池氧化具有显著的
保
与 对接坡口角度为60。,组对间隙为3.2锈钢无缝钢
消耗量大,
在一些难题:
不彻底,
表1
mm, 为1 mm#焊前 缝钢管坡 两侧重济 ;
缝钢
,焊接时氟焊接质量20 mm,并清洗两侧油污等#焊接材料选用某 !2.4 mm 氟弧焊丝 ER308L#产的S30403不锈钢无缝钢管化学成分(质量分数,%)C
W0.030
Mn
W2.00
Si
W1.00
S
W0.030
P
!0.045
Cr 18.00 ~20.00
Ni& 00 ~ 12.00表2 S30403不锈钢无缝钢管力学性能142* 试 法焊接保护剂;
抗拉强度心/MPa屈服强度断后伸长率\"(%)# 35侧试(-=42\" = 180。)格S30403 不锈钢 缝钢 焊接试 分为两组: 一
!P0.2/MPa#170组是涂抹 组是 保#485护#焊接设备为Panasonic YC - 300WX型交直流 焊机,保 为 , 的纯度为99.99%,采焊打底、填和盖面#焊接前不 热,焊后也进行热处理#焊接工艺参数见表3,焊接 时要尽量填满熔池,避免在 焊缝产 和焊接裂纹#收稿日期:2019-01 -28do:: 10.12073/j. hj. 2019012800158
2019年第#期乡Zqq 生产应用,殍后要延时停气6~9s,待熔池金属完 后 在打底焊时尽量避免停弧,以减少焊接接头次数,提高停气,避免熔池金属在高温氧化影响焊缝质量。另外,焊接质量。表3焊接工艺参数焊接层次打底焊填充焊焊接电流极性直流正接直流正接直流 接焊接 流焊接压焊接速度间温度流量#A100〜130120〜130125 〜135U/T% ( cm - min 1 )T/C!120!120!120Q/ ( L - min -1 )121212TIGTIGTIG11 〜1413 〜1513 〜1511.411.411.4盖焊1.3检测方法依据NB/T 47013—2015《承压设备无损检测》,对 进行晶间腐蚀试验;依据GB/T 11170—2008《不锈钢 元素含量的测定火花放电原子发射光谱法(常规
法)》,焊接接头化 光谱仪上检测。焊接接头进行100%射线检测;依据GB/T 13298—
2015《 属显微组织检
分在M5000 CCD全谱火花直读法》,焊接接头显微组织在OLYMPUS GX - 51倒 显微镜上观察,浸蚀液为由5 g氯化铁,20 mL盐酸,80 mL水组成的溶液;依据
2试验结果与分析GB/T 228—2010《金属材料拉伸试验》,室温拉伸试验 在SHT4605型60 t微机控制电液伺服万能试
上进2\"外观检查和探伤检测焊接完成后,对两组焊接接头进行外观检查,如图1 所示。图1a,1b分别为涂抹了 保护的不锈钢
la,It
行;依据GB/T 229—2007《 属材料 法》,冲击试验在ZBC2302—C 法》,
冲击试验冲击试
上焊接保护剂的正和背面焊缝成形工艺图片,图1c,1d分 为 :气
进行;依据GB/T 2653—2008《焊接接头弯曲试验方 和背面焊缝成形工艺图片。从图试验在WEW—600 60 i微机控制电液伺服万能试 上进行;依据GB/T 4334—2008《属和以看出,在两种保 焊接工艺下,正面焊缝表面为 ,没有夹渣、气孔、裂纹、未熔 1的腐蚀不锈钢晶间腐蚀试验方法》中E法的规定陷。图1b的焊缝背面纹理没有图1d光滑,但焊缝(\")涂焊接保护剂(正面)(b)涂焊接保护剂(背面)(c)充$气(正面)(d)充$气(背面)图1焊缝金属工艺成形照片2019年第1期 59暉荡生产应用边缘较图1d规整。所有焊缝余高均低于3.0 mm,符合 GB/T 20801.5—2006(压力
工
5 部伸试样、2个 和2个背弯试样、3个焊缝和3个热
分:检验和试验》 定要求。在两种保
影响区冲击试样进行力学性能检测,结果见表4 #其中 冲击试样尺寸为55 mm X 10 mm X 5 mm,试样开V形
焊接工艺下,无缝钢管焊接接头坡口,角度为45。,坡口深度为2.00 mm±0.05 mm#表4中的数据可以看出,焊接接头抗拉强度数
值满足规定的要求;焊缝和热影响区冲击 足规定要求,冲击
进行100%射 伤检测,焊缝沿着圆 向72。垂直一 片,共5 #涂抹 焊接保护剂的照片3张I级,2 \"级; 保 的照片5张均为I
能量满能量均有较大的富余量; 和级;两种保 24力学性能焊接接头射线检测均满足\"级要求。背弯试样分 到180。后,在 响区处均没有沿任何方向的裂纹, 有影响#上焊缝和热影定要求#由按照NB/T 47014—2011《承压设备焊接工艺评 见两种焊接工艺方法对焊接接头力学性能几乎没
定》中的要求,分别对两种焊接接头各截取2个横向拉
表4焊接接头力学性能类别抗拉度
(-51 C)冲击 能量KV2/T试(-=4t,a = 180。)面弯合格合格格心/MPa#510
断裂位置焊缝—热影响区# 30背弯格格格要求值免充就焊接保护剂# 30583,586587,584均在焊缝均在焊缝65,65,6966,59,72115,119,120121,115,112充氮气保护2.4金相组织为
显微组织如图2所保护的打底焊、填焊和盖面焊焊缝组织#状奥氏体加两种焊接接头焊缝金属 图2a,2d 以看出,焊缝组织为
示#其 图2a,2b,2c分别为涂抹 焊接保护剂的打底焊、填 焊和盖面焊焊缝组织,图2d,2e,2f分别量铁素体,晶粒方向性明显;从图2b,2c,2e,2R 以看出,焊缝组织为 晶状的奥氏 量铁素体,($)涂焊接保护剂打底焊(b)涂焊接保护剂填充焊(c)涂焊接保护剂盖面焊3)充$气打底焊(e)充氮气填充焊(f)充氮气盖面焊图2焊缝金属金相组织60
2019年第1期乡務龙 生产应用,殍晶粒方向性不明显#分
能是由于在打底焊铜溶液中微沸16 h后,取出弯曲180。后用10倍放大
镜观察无裂纹,说明两组焊缝金属无晶间腐蚀倾向, 表明两种焊接工艺方式下焊缝金属抗晶间腐蚀性能
时不锈钢无缝 材温度相对较低,晶粒会沿着,在填充和盖面时,
底同,晶温度梯度大的方向
焊的预热作用,温度梯度在各个方向上 当。2.3焊接接头化
粒在各个方向均有长势且不明显,表现出
在两种焊接工艺
晶状#分,焊接接头化学元素成下,焊缝金属 组织无显著在两种保 焊接工艺下,焊接接头焊缝金属
化 分见表5# 表5
分含量满足规定要求,两者几乎不存在
,其中杂质2.4晶间腐蚀性能两种焊接 下焊缝金属晶间腐蚀试 F照GB/T 4334—2008《属和 的腐蚀不锈钢晶间腐
元素S和P含量较低,提高了焊缝金属的纯净度,减少 了焊缝金属的热裂纹倾向和低熔点物质 [12],保证了焊接接头力学性能#蚀试验方法》中规定的E法进行,试样在硫酸-硫酸
表5焊接接头化学成分(质量分数,%)类别C! 0.030MnSiS! 0.020P!0.030CrNiMoCu要求值1.00 -2.50!0.650.4518.00 〜21.009.00 〜12.0019.63!0.750.010.01!0.750.070.07免充就焊接保护剂保0.0230.0231.621.0.0090.0080.0180.01.550.4419.619.523结论性的影响[J].机械制造文摘一&焊接分册,2014(3): 19 -22.根据两种背面保护焊接工艺的对比试验结果来
看,焊接接头外观、射
[6]王建阳,周文明,刑殿忠.不锈钢管的焊接[J].机械制
伤、金相组织、力性能、晶造文摘一一焊接分册,2013(5) : 29 -30.[7 ] Tunes D, Burd M. Research on aeon protection when u
sing WIG welding [ J ]. Advanced Materials Research,
间腐蚀性能、化学成分均满足NB/T 47014—2011《承压
设备焊接工艺评定》和特
量涂抹
要求# 后2014, 1029: 20 -24.焊接保护剂焊接不锈钢无缝钢管产的力学性能检测和焊接接头
看, 替代
检测的结果反[8] 俞春尧.背面充氮保护的奥氏体不锈钢TIG焊[J].焊
接, 2002(7): 41.[9]
焊接保护剂在S30403不锈钢无缝钢管焊接, ,艾梓涵,等.高Cr奥氏体型不锈钢气体——焊接分册,保护是可行的#保护焊用焊接材料[J]. 制 2016(2) : 17 -25.参考文献[1] 吴瑞萍,王天先,王文利,等• SA-240 304/304L双牌号
不锈钢与304/304L不锈钢性能对比分析[J].焊接,
2017(10) : 51 -55.[10] Li W W, Xu X F, Yang Y, et ai. Welding of 2205 duplex
stainless steel nFurF gas pipeline [ J ]. China Welding, 2016, 25(3) : 49 -56.[11] 巨创.不锈钢管道药芯焊丝免充氮打底焊接技术研究
[2] 王爱民,荆文.ZG0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢不同比例保护气焊接工艺研究[J].焊接,2013(3) : 55 -57.[D].兰州:兰州理工大学硕士学位论文,2013.[12] 胡昱,薛家祥,金礼,等.双脉冲MIG工艺参数对异种不
锈钢焊缝质量影响分析[J].焊接学报,2018,39(7):115 -120.'3 ] Lu S P, Fujii H, Nogi K. Arc ignitability, bead protection
and weod shapeeariaiionsforHe-Ar-O2 shieoded GTA weod- ingon SUS304 siainoessieeo' J] .JournaoofMaieriaosPro-
cessing Technology, 2009 , 209( 3) : 1231 - 1239.*'4] * 明, , , . 保 对 440MPa HSLA第一作者简介:赵太源,1986年出生,硕士,国际焊接工程师\"
主要从事焊接工艺的研究#钢GMAW焊缝组织及韧性的影响[J].焊接学报,2013,
34(7): 101 -104.通信作者简介:李亚军,1985年出生,硕士,工程师\"主要从事
焊接材料及焊接工艺的研究#20 1 9年第1 1期 61[5] ,张汇文.焊接方法对双相不锈钢焊接接头耐蚀
WELDNIG & JONINIG(China Coat Zhangjiakou Coat Mining Machineio Co.,Ltd., Zhangjiakou 075025, Hebei, China). p50 -53AbstracC According te the essential characteristic of high carbon medium manganese austenitic steel and medium carbon quenched and tem
pered cast steei, their weldabilitu was theoretica^y analyzed and their welding procedure tests were made with gas metai arc welding. The test
comparison was made under a stainless steel welding wire with dierent shielding gas, dierent preheating process, dierent welding methods of
muati-aae(eand muati-pasand dite(ntw(adingh(atinput.Maceosteuctue, miceosteuctue(and m(chanicaapeop(etisotw(ad(d iointsw(e
studied by means of the opticai microscopy and mechanicai properties measuring equipments. The result showed that high carbon medium man
ganese austenitic steel and medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steei with poor weldability could obtain excellent welded joint with
mixed gas of 95%Ar +5%0?, low welding heat input, welding methods of multi-layer and multi-pass and no preheating, meanwhile, by which
theco6twa6eeduced and theeticiencewa6impeoved.Key words: high carbon medinm manganess austenidc steel, medinm carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, weldability,welding processWelding process of austenitic heat-eesistanr stainless steed in huminand high-sad areas and its applicationWangNengmiao1 , ZhangJunta1 , JingLitai1 , LiTongei2(1. Shandong Electric Power Construction First Engineering Co., Ltd., Power Construction Corporation of China, Jinan 250102, China; 2. In
stitute for Materials Joining, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China) . p54 - 57AbstracC Affected by the wet and high-salt environment on the seashore, qualified rate of austenitic stainless steel welded joints was low. In order te solve the technicai problem, welding process tests of ultra-fine grain austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel were carried out in the paper. welding parameters were optimized te prevent defects such as porosity, cracks and root fusion in the weld, and fina—d a complete set of
welding process of austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel in humid and high-saU areas was developed.Key words: 7humndandhnghesadr, 7udrraefnnegrann, 7sranndessreed, 7weddnngWelding technology of S3G403 stainless steei seamless pipe with back protectionZhaoTaieuan, LiYaiun, XiaoLi( CNPCJichaiPoweeCompaneLimited Chengdu Compee6oeBeanch, Chengdu 610100, China) .p58 -61AbstracC The welding shielded flux without araon-fied and traditional araonWilled was used in S30403 stainless steel seamless pipe with TIGbacking weld. Effects of the two back protection methods on welding process and properties of S30403 stainless steel seamless pipe welded joint
were investigated by welding process test, inspection test, tensile test, bending test, ipact test, intergranular corrosion test and metallograph-
io test. The results showed that welding shielded flux without araon-fied could meet requirements of NB/T 47014-2011, and it was similar te
that of traditional argon-fied protection. It could replace argon-fied protection in actuai application.Key words: S30404 stainless steel, seamless pipe, backing weld, welding shielded Uup , argon-piled protectionVacuum brazing process of molybdenum/stainless steel ion sourcc acceleratorWangZhipeng, YangWeniing, CaoLaidong, XiaoAiqun(Beijing Huahang Radio Measurement & Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China). p62 - Abstract For joining molybdenum/stainless steel dissimimr materials, two kinds of brazing filler metal and welding parameter suitable forwhich were determined. The brazed rate was vee good, which could reach more than 85% . The technology and equipment for welding of sup
port seat and support seat te molybdenum tube were designed and manufactured, which realized functions of support compaction, deformation and quaeiycon eoeand unitoem empeea7ueecompensaion, and which guaean eed weedingeequieemen sotpeoducs.Hea7eeamen7es7otpaes and peocesequipmen7wascaeied ou7oavoid inteuenceoteesiduaeseesin 7hecomponen7manutac7ueingpeocesson weedingquaeiy.Theion
source accelerator product was manufactured. Vacuum leakage rate was less than 1 X 10 _7 Pa • L/s. Brazing seam had no leakage under water
p3esu3edeeeceion wieh 2 MPaand 14 moeybdenum eubesweedeeeceed wiehoueceogginginside, which meeequiemenesotehedesign index.Key words: molybdesum, dissimilar materials, vachum brazing, ion sourcc accelerator 责任编辑 王龙权 郑红$ 20 1 9,No. 1 1
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