大学英语六级分类模拟题460

大学英语六级分类模拟题460

(总分：366.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)

1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention. You are required to wrote at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

（分数：106.50）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：()

解析：[范文]

My View on Invention

Drawing a comparison between modern life and ancient life, we cannot imagine what life will be like now without invention. Invention must be attached great importance to, as it is invention that contributes to the advancement of our

society. There are several examples which can be cited to illustrate this concept. I can think of no better illustration than the following one. If Edison hadn\"t invented the light bulb, we would have lived a life as the blind in the night.

Given that invention plays such an essential role in our life, what can we do to cultivate this precious spirit? For one thing, it is advisable for the social media and publicity department to vigorously inform the public of the importance of invention. For another, the relevant authorities should set up favorable regulations to encourage invention. For example, they can set up the practice of giving premiums or issuing patent certificate to inventors.

Finally, I want to use the following saying as our mutual encouragement, \"Invention is the spirit of human being\"s progress.\" At no time should we underestimate the power of invention. Therefore, when an idea comes to your mind, just make your own invention. [解析] 本篇写作话题invention(发明)是考生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不困难。根据写作要求，范文应分三段展开论述，且写作重点应该放在阐述发明的重要性和为鼓励发明应采取的措施两方面。众所周知，发明对于推动社会进步具有重要意义，若要鼓励发明，首先应该使公众具备创造意识，了解发明的重要性，其次对发明者应给予奖励以鼓励其将创造精神发扬光大。

二、Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：71.00)

Animals on the Move

A. It looked like a scene from \"Jaws\" but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark\"s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.

B. Moving to Survive

In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals. Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking. Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks\" movements

and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.

C. Skin Is the Key

The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal\"s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.

D. The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body\"s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark\"s body snaps back the other way. As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal\"s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.

E. Source of Energy

What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark\"s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn\"t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the

area just under the shark\"s collagen \"radials\". Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may he due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.

F. When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.

G. Dolphin Has Speed Record

Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal\"s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin\"s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.

H. In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of

the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin\"s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.

I. Other Animals Less Efficient

Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.

J. Scientists say that because of the slug\"s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?（分数：71.00）

(1).A dolphin\"s skin enables it to pass through with little resistance to the water flowing over it.（分数：7.10）

解析：G[解析] 句意题。根据题目中的dolphin定位到G段第四句：A dolphin\"s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. 本题目是对该定位句的同义转述。

(2).A shark finds its prey by feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey.（分数：7.10）

解析：A[解析] 转换题。根据题目中的shark和vibrations定位到A段第三句：Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark\"s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. 原句中的“fish”被替换成了“prey”。

(3).According to the scientists, when bending its body in swimming, the shark stretches its collagen fibers to the greatest extent.（分数：7.10）

解析：D[解析] 转换题。根据题目中的shark和collagen fibers定位到D段第一句：The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. 原句中的“greatest”被替换成了“to the greatest extent”。

(4).Animals are restricted to small areas tot obtaining food and finding proper living conditions.（分数：7.10）

解析：J[解析] 转换题。根据题目中的proper living conditions定位到J段第二句：That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. 原句中的“confine themselves to”被替换成了“are restricted to”。

(5).Automobiles, rockets, and submarines exemplify that human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment.（分数：7.10）

解析：B[解析] 定位题。根据题目中的Automobiles, rockets, and submarines定位到B段第六句：Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. 本题目是对该定位句的同义转述。

(6).Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel 12 times as long as a slug.（分数：7.10）

解析：I[解析] 定位题。根据题目中的mouse定位到I段最后一句：It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy. 原句中的“one twelfth”被替换成了“12 times”。

(7).Dolphin wouldn\"t be bothered by turbulent water at rapid speeds like other animals.（分数：7.10）

解析：H[解析] 句意题。根据题目中的Dolphin和turbulent water定位到H段最后一句：Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds. 原句中的“be slowed by”被替换成了“be bothered”。

(8).One of the main reasons sharks are such effective predators is their skin.（分数：7.10）

解析：C[解析] 定位题。根据题目中的sharks和effective predators定位到C段第一句：The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal\"s

high efficiency in swimming through the water. 原句中的“the key to”被替换成了“main reason”。

(9).Sharks are a notable example of fish that depend on locomotion to survive.（分数：7.10）

解析：B[解析] 转换题。根据题目中的sharks和locomotion定位到B段倒数第五、六句：One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. 原句中的“successful”被替换成了“notable”。

(10).The area just under the shark\"s collagen fibers is similar to a belted radial tire because it is also inflated by pressure.（分数：7.10）

解析：E[解析] 转换题。根据题目中的collagen fibers 和belted radial tire定位到E)段第三句：Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark\"s collagen \"radials\". 原句中的“just as”被替换成了“is similar to”。

四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

五、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：83.50)

Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packet harms self-esteem. The lesser-known one is called the \"tunnel\" effect: high incomes for peers are seen as

improving your own chances of similar riches, especially if growth, inequality and mobility are high.

A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St. Andrews and recently presented at the Royal Economic Society in Cambridge separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on people\"s satisfaction in individual firms in Denmark or in very dynamic economies in transition, such as eastern Europe. But Mr. FitzRoy\"s team theorized that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect.

The data confirm this hypothesis. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45. In western Germany, seeing peers\" incomes rising actually makes young people happier (even more than a rise in their own incomes, remarkably). It is only those people over 45, when careers have \"reached a stable position\whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.

The prospect of 20-plus years of bitterness might make retirement seem more appealing. But the real gains in happiness from retirement go not to the outshone (被超越), but to the out-of-work. Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls short of social expectations. This loss of identity cannot be compensated for by unemployment benefits or increased leisure time. A paper presented at the same conference by a team represented by Clemens Hetschko of

the Free University of Berlin uses the same German household data to show that the spirits of the long-term unemployed rise when they stop looking for work, go into retirement and no longer clash with social norms.

Those with jobs are no happier after they retire, however, perhaps because their lives already line up with social expectations. Indeed, retiring early from work can have nasty side-effects. Another paper, co-authored by Andreas Kuhn of the University of Zurich, investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurance rules that allowed blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others. Men retiring a year early lower their chances of surviving to age 67 by 13%. Almost a third of this higher mortality rate, which seemed to be concentrated among those who were forced into retirement by job loss, was caused by smoking and alcohol consumption. If you\"re in a job, even an underpaid one, hang on in there.（分数：71.00）

(1).What did the study conducted by Mr. FitzRoy\"s team reveal?（分数：14.20）

A.The findings of previous work may be problematic. √

B.The two effects of peers\" incomes on happiness cannot be separated.

C.Older workers are not affected by the income of others.

D.Older workers have already known their lifetime incomes.

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。第2段指出之前的研究表明其他人的收入会产生一个小的、甚至正面的整体效应。但随即作者指出菲茨罗伊的团队进行的研究表明年纪大的工人受隧道效应的影响很小。这实际上与之前的研究结果相悖。故选A。

(2).What happens to young people when they are being paid less than their peers?（分数：14.20）

A.Their self-esteem is severely harmed.

B.Their spirits will be lowered.

C.They enjoy a bigger tunnel effect than People over 45. √

D.They prefer a rise in their own incomes.

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。第3段指出：收入比同事少对于年龄低于45岁的人的幸福水平的负面影响并不明显。在德国西部，看到同事收入提高实际上让年轻人更快乐。由此可见隧道效应在年轻人身上的影响更大。故选C。

(3).Which of the following is irrelevant to the tunnel effect on happiness?（分数：14.20）

A.High inequality and mobility.

B.One\"s career stage.

C.Social expectations. √

D.One\"s age.

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。前3段主要围绕收入差距对幸福的影响，其中包括隧道效应。第4段开始谈论是否有工作以及退休与幸福感的关系，并且指出社会期望是失业后没有幸福感的原因，因此与隧道效应无关。故选C。

(4).What do we learn about those who have been unemployed for a long time?（分数：14.20）

A.They stop looking for work due to the loss of identity.

B.Unemployment benefits can lift up their spirits.

C.They may die earlier than those with jobs.

D.Retirement can make them happier. √

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。第4段最后指出：当长期赋闲者不再找工作，进入退休状态，不再和社会规范碰撞时，他们的精神会振奋起来。故选D。

(5).What does the author intend to tell us with the study conducted by Andreas Kuhn\"s team?（分数：14.20）

A.The Austrian employment-insurance rules should not have been changed.

B.Earlier retirement from work should not be encouraged. √

C.Too much smoking and drinking is dangerous to one\"s health.

D.Blue-collar workers should put off their retirement.

解析：[解析] 主观态度题。在第5段该论文作为论据来证明提前离职退休能够产生负面影响。而且最后作者再次强调如果你有一份工作，即使工资不高，也要坚持。由此可见作者是不支持提前退休的。故选B。

Amitai Etzioni is not surprised by the latest headings about scheming corporate crooks(骗子). As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 19, he ended his work there disgusted with his students\" overwhelming lust for money. \"They\"re taught that profit is all that matters,\" he says. \"Many schools don\"t even offer ethics (伦理学) courses at all.\"

Etzioni expressed his frustration about the interests of his graduate students. \"By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest,\" he wrote at the time.

Today

he

still

takes

the

blame

for

not

educating

these

\"business-leaders-to-be.\" \"I really feel like I failed them,\" he says. \"If I was a better teacher maybe I could have reached them.\"

Etzioni was a respected ethics expert when he arrived at Harvard. He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality

could he applied to places where serf-interest flourished. What he found wasn\"t encouraging. Those would-be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroom—and their professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways.

Etzioni sees the experience at Harvard as an eye-opening one and says there\"s much about business schools that he\"d like to change. \"A lot of the faculty teaching business are bad news them-selves.\" Etzioni says. From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests, Etzioni has seen a lot that\"s left him shaking his head. And because of what he\"s seen taught in business schools, he\"s not surprised by the latest rash of corporate scandals. \"In many ways things have got a lot worse at business schools, I suspect,\" says Etzioni.

Etzioni is still teaching the sociology of right and wrong and still calling for ethical business leadership. \"People with poor motives will always exist,\" he says. \"Sometimes environments con-strain those people and sometimes environments give those people opportunity. \"Etzioni says the booming economy of the last decade enabled those individuals with poor motives to get rich before getting in trouble. His hope now: that the cries for reform will provide more fertile soil for his long-standing messages about business ethics.（分数：12.50）

(1).What impressed Amitai Etzioni most about Harvard MBA students?（分数：2.50）

A.Their keen interest in business courses.

B.Their intense desire for money. √

C.Their tactics for making profits.

D.Their potential to become business leaders.

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节知识。第一段As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 19, he ended his work there disgusted with his students\" overwhelming lust for money.通过这段话可知，Amitai Etzioni在哈佛商学院担任客座教授期间，对于学生对金钱的强烈欲望很反感。据此判断，本题答案是B。

(2).Why did Amitai Etzioni say \"I really feel like I failed them\" (Line 4, Para. 2)?（分数：2.50）

A.He was unable to alert his students to corporate malpractice.

B.He didn\"t teach his students to see business in new and different ways.

C.He could not get his students to understand the importance of ethics in business. √

D.He didn\"t offer courses that would meet the expectations of the business-leaders-to-be.

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节知识。第二段“By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and serf-interest,” he wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these “business-leaders-to-be.”通过这段话可知，Amitai Etzioni认为，他当时没有找到一个好办法帮助MBA学生意识到除金钱、权势、名利之外，生活中还有更重要的东西存在。也就是说，他认为自己没有让他的学生认识到伦理道德的重要性。据此判断，本题答案是C。

(3).Most would-be executives at the Harvard Business School believed that ______.（分数：2.50）

A.questions of morality were of utmost importance in business affairs

B.self-interest should not be the top priority in business dealings

C.new and different principles should be taught at business schools

D.there was no place for ethics and morality in business dealings √

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节知识。第三段Those would. be executives had, says Amitai Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality．通过这句话可知，那些商学院的学生对伦理道德不感兴趣。也就意味着，他们认为经商过程中不需要伦理道德。据此判断，本题答案是D。

(4).In Etzioni\"s view, the latest rash of corporate scandals could be attributed

to ______.（分数：2.50）

A.the tendency in business schools to stress self-interest over business ethics √

B.the executives\" lack of knowledge in legally manipulating contracts

C.the increasingly fierce competition in the modern business world

D.the moral corruption of business school graduates

解析：[解析] 本题考查判断推理能力。第四段From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests, ... And because of what. he\"s seen taught in business schools, he\"s not surprised by the latest rash of corporate scandals.通过这段话可知，商学院授课以金钱和利益为中心，宣扬个人利益高于集体利益。Amitai Etzioni在商学院目睹了这些课程，所以对最近连续出现的公司丑闻不觉得惊讶。据此判断，本题答案是A。

(5).We learn from the last paragraph that ______.（分数：2.50）

A.the calls for reform will help promote business ethics √

B.businessmen with poor motives will gain the upper hand

C.business ethics courses should be taught in all business schools

D.reform in business management contributes to economic growth

解析：[解析] 本题考查判断推理能力。最后一段His hope now: that the cries for reform will provide more fertile soil for his long-standing messages about business ethics.通过这句话可知，Amitai Etzioni的希望是：改革的呼声能为他一贯强调的商业道德提供沃土。据此判断，本题答案是A。

六、Passage Two(总题数：2，分数：91.00)

Recently, a controversial study on twins claims to provide evidence that the genes we inherit have a bigger impact on exam success than schooling and parenting.

The study was designed by Robert Plomin at King\"s College London and his colleagues, to make clear the impact of genes and the environment on educational achievement. The key objective was to see how exam scores varied from the national average depending on whether twins had the same genetic make-up, as identical twins do, or shared only half of their genes, which is true for non-identical twins. Each pair shared the same environment and schooling.

It seems that nature defeats nurture. The team looked at 5474 pairs of twins—2008 of them identical—and analyzed their achievement in GCSEs (普通中等教育证书). They found that genetics accounted for 52 per cent of the differences between exam scores. A shared upbringing accounted for 36 per cent of the differences, with the remainder influenced by other factors that weren\"t shared,

such as having a different teacher.

What does this mean for children who haven\"t inherited academic genes? \"Marginalization (边缘化) of the \"less gifted\" does not follow from finding genetic influence on educational achievement,\" says Plomin. \"If anything the opposite is true—we need to provide more resources for those who need the most help.\"

Plomin also says that, although it is too early for these results to have an impact on our education system, the findings should inform debate on how education is delivered. \"One strong implication of recognizing genetically driven differences between children is to personalize education as much as possible, rather than imposing a one-size-fits-all (一刀切) approach,\" he says.

Some researchers are suspicious, including Steven Rose of the UK\"s Open University. He says that twin studies are \"subject to difficulties of interpretation\". For instance, the unusual upbringings of identical twins—often wearing exactly the same clothes or being confused with one another—constitute an environmental impact that could be overlooked. But he agrees with Plomin that child-focused rather than rote (死记硬背) education is the way forward. \"In an ideal school environment, individual aptitudes should be encouraged, but you don\"t need to, and nor would it be feasible to sequence a child\"s genome (基因组) to discover what these aptitudes might be,\" he says.

Even if it .were possible to analyze every child\"s genetics, no single genes for intelligence have yet been identified, says Sarah Norcross of the UK Progress

Educational Trust. Most studies so far have found that educational achievement is influenced by a combination of thousands of genes. \"We don\"t even understand the genetics of height yet, which is very easy to measure,\" says Norcross. \"So we are light years from applying this type of thing to education.\"（分数：71.00）

(1).According to the study, which of the following pairs is most likely to have similar academic achievements?（分数：14.20）

A.Identical twins with a shared upbringing. √

B.Non-identical twins with a shared upbringing.

C.Identical twins with different teachers.

D.Non-identical twins with the same teachers.

解析：[解析] 推理引申题。第3段指出该研究结果，即基因为主要原因，其次为共同的教养过程，再次是老师等因素。由此可见相同的基因(同卵双胞胎)和同样的教养环境能带来最为相似的学业表现。故选A。

(2).What does Plomin think the results of the study indicate?（分数：14.20）

A.The results will have a huge impact on education system.

B.Children with no academic genes should be ignored.

C.Teaching should be based on genetic differences between children.

D.The results provide evidence against the present education system. √

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。第5段最后普洛敏指出这样研究的一个重要意义在于要尽可能地因材施教，而不是一刀切。由此可见他认为现有的教育体系存在问题，需要改变。故选D。

(3).What does Steven Rose point out as a problem of the study?（分数：14.20）

A.It is feasible only when personal aptitudes are discovered.

B.It doesn\"t identify specific genes for intelligence.

C.It fails to take other possible factors into account. √

D.The upbringing plays a more important role in exam success.

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。在第6段指出同卵双胞胎不同寻常的教养方式是一个可能被忽略了的环境影响因素。由此可见有些因素没有被充分考虑在内。故选C。

(4).What can we learn from Plomin\"s and Rose\"s opinions about the present education system?（分数：14.20）

A.Those children who need the most help are likely to be ignored.

B.Individual differences are not paid enough attention to. √

C.Resources are distributed according to whether a child is \"gifted\" or not.

D.Rote learning cannot contribute to academic achievements.

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。第6段指出罗斯同意普洛敏的观点，主张以孩子为核心的教育模式才是教育发展之路，这与第5段普洛敏提出的要因材施教异曲同工，都强调要关注孩子的个体差异。故选B。

(5).What\"s Norcross\"s attitude toward applying the results of the study to education?（分数：14.20）

A.Optimistic.

B.Pessimistic. √

C.Neutral.

D.Indifferent.

解析：[解析] 主观态度题。第7段诺克罗斯指出很难确定具体的相关基因，而且连影响身高的基因都无法确定，更不用说影响学习的基因了。在最后一句中诺克罗斯使用“light years(光年)”来表示距离遥不可及。故选B。

Historians can trace the foundations of plastic surgery as far back as about

2,600 years ago to ancient India where facial surgery were carried out. The techniques were recorded in the early Hindu texts and were used primarily on soldiers injured during conflict.

The birth of cosmetic reconstructive surgery truly occurred many hundreds of years later, and over the past ten years plastic surgery has become very popular with more and more people refusing to grow old gracefully. It is however not limited to young women considering the fact eating disorders are on the rise among young men; men and women alike are interested in cosmetic surgery and it even gains popularity in mainstream culture. It seems that no longer are people judged on their abilities alone but on their appearance, and more and more of people are choosing to go under the knife in an effort to shape themselves into an objective and arbitrary ideal beauty.

The \"image\" of beauty portrayed by the media is usually related to the objectives, young, very slim, and most often white. Having a body weight of 15% below normal for one\"s height, age and weight is considered ideal. In other words people should be anorexic to meet the media\"s image of beauty. The message is that only their imposed image of beauty is acceptable, and those who are larger, shorter, thicker, or browner are not. This ideal image and weight, however, is unattainable for 99% of women. Ironically, most images of models appearing on magazines have been airbrushed to perfection to attain that \"perfect\" image of beauty.

Sadly, for many people, the quest for beauty has turned into an all-out

obsession. Unsurprisingly, the newfound obsession is a convenient marketing tool because 99% of the female population is not satisfied with their appearance and therefore will be more likely to buy slimming, cosmetics or turn to plastic surgery. The dieting industry makes an incredible $33 billion a year. The industry uses media to keep people thinking that they should maintain the slender or even skinny shape. This image of beauty is simply unattainable and the desire for it will never be met so the demand for the industry will never decrease. And the very industries that profit from fueling inadequacy, a feeling of not being good enough, will continue to prosper.（分数：20.00）

(1).Plastic surgery was mainly provided for ______ at first.（分数：4.00）

A.kings

B.queens

C.injured soldiers √

D.historians

解析：[解析] 细节题。题干问，整形手术早期主要用于谁身上。原文第一段最后一句指出The techniques were recorded in the early Hindu texts and were used primarily on soldiers injured during conflict. (早期的印度课本里记录了这项技术，并且它主要应用在战争中受伤的军人身上。)所以，正确答案是C。选项A与B未在文中出现；选项D，为干扰项，出现在开头，但历史学家认为此技术可以追溯到2600年前，而不是

应用在他们身上。

(2).The word \"mainstream\" (Line 5, Para.2) is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：4.00）

A.dominated √

B.worldwide

C.standard

D.maternal

解析：[解析] 语义题。单词所在原句为it even gains popularity in mainstream culture. 词意可以通过联系下文推断出，紧接的一句解释到，人们不再以能力而是以长相来评价一个人。大多数人都这样认为，可知是在主流文化中也流行。或者根据构词法，main(主要的)+stream(溪流)，合成词为“主流”。主流文化即占主导的文化，所以正确答案是A，“主导的”。选项D，maternal为“母系”的意思。

(3).What is the ideal image of beauty in the perspective of the mass media according to the passage?（分数：4.00）

A.Tall, strong and white.

B.Elegant, healthy and white.

C.Short, thick and brown.

D.Young, slim and white. √

解析：[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词ideal image，定位于原文第三段第一句The image of beauty portrayed by the media is usually related to the adjectives, young, very slim，and most often white. 该句明确指出，大众媒体描绘的美女形象是，年轻、很苗条、白净。所以，正确答案是D。选项B为干扰项，优雅与健康常常是生活中大家的看法，但并没有在文中提及。

(4).What is the author\"s attitude to the ideal image of beauty portrayed by media?（分数：4.00）

A.Positive.

B.Neutral.

C.Not clear.

D.Negative. √

解析：[解析] 态度题。作者对媒体描绘的理想美女形象持什么态度?第三段第三句In other words people should be anorexic to meet the media\"s image of beauty. 意为“也就是说想要达到媒体宣传的美的形象，人们要得厌食症。”其次，该段最后一句用词，ironically“具有讽刺意味的是”。从这两处可判断作者持反对态度。

(5).Why the mass media portrayed the ideal image in such way according to the passage?（分数：4.00）

A.Because the mass media are expected to satisfy audiences.

B.Because it motivates females to pursue \"the best\" so that businessmen could make money from the industry. √

C.Because it gives women more confidence in themselves.

D.Because the quest for beauty lies in everyone\"s heart.

解析：[解析] 细节题。题干意为，大众媒体为什么将美女形象刻画成这样?根据原文最后一段This image of beauty is simply unattainable and the desire for it will never be met so the demand for the industry will never decrease. And the very industries that profit from fueling inadequacy, a feeling of not being good enough, will continue to prosper. 意思是“这种美的形象很难达到，所以对美的要求也永远无法达到。这样通过利用不满足感，产业会持续兴隆。”可知，正确答案是B。

七、Part Ⅲ Translation(总题数：1，分数：14.00)

2.泼水节(the Water-Splashing Festival)是傣族(the Dai minority)最隆重的传统节日。泼水节在傣历(Dai calendar)中是新年，在拥有很多少数民族的云南省，这个节日拥有最大的影响力和最多的参与者。在这个节日里，无论男女老少都将盛装打扮，他们会端着干净的水去佛教寺院。首先他们会清洗佛像，然后开始向彼此泼水来祈求好运、幸福和健

康。洒在一个人身上的水越多，他将会越开心快乐。傣族人们还将邀请其他少数民族和其他远道而来的游客一起泼水来庆祝这个节日。

（分数：14.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：()

解析：Water-Splashing Festival is the most ceremonious traditional festival of the Dai minority. Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year in the Dai calendar, and also a festival with the largest influence and the largest number of participants in Yunnan province where there are a lot of ethnic minorities. In this festival, the Dai People, male and female, old and young, will get dressed up and shoulder clean water to the Buddhist Temple. They will first bathe the Buddha and then begin to splash water to each other to pray for luck, happiness and health. The more water one person is sprinkled, the happier he/she will be. Dai People will also invite people from other ethnic minorities and tourists coming from afar to splash water to celebrate the festival.