2021高考英语阅读明白得全程冲刺训练（4）(1)

【2021高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】C

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful?

Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. How ever, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.

Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.

The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.

Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding

(圈养繁衍) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?

Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats. 36. How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos? A. Dangerous.

B. Unhappy.

C. Natural.

D. Easy.

37. In the state of zoochosis, animals _________. A. remain in cages

B. behave strangely D. enjoy moving around

C. attack other animals

38. What does the author try to argue in the passage? A. Zoos are not worth the public support. B. Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. C. Zoos should treat animals as human beings. D. Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.

39. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _____. A. discussing the advantages of natural habitats B. using evidence he has collected at zoos C. questioning the way animals are protected

D. pointing out the faults in what zoos do

40. Although he argues against zoos, the author would still agree that _______. A. zoos have to keep animals in small cages B. most animals in zoos are endangered species C. some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos D. it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats 【参】36－40. BBADC

【2021高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】D

A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.

“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.

They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of

interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.

While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.

Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”

41. The robotic fly project has been conducted __________. A. just by accident

B. within a decade D. for more than ten years

C. just by a professor

42. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.

A. they had no model in their mind

B. they did not have sufficient time C. they had no ready-made components

D. they could not assemble the components

43. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________. A. consists of a flight device and a control system B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time C. can collect information from many sources D. has been put into wide application

44. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects. B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments. 45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Father of Robotic Fly

B. Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study 【参】41-45. DCBDC Passage 4

Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated

luminescence dating that a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous .

The importance of Australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern Australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data of Miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna. Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australia

s inland

plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of human

caused

extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting.

A new school of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. It advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the world

s megafauna. The new Genyornis data

also weaken that argument, for the following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the human

caused extinction model for the influence of

climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.

66. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most probably means A birds. B plants.

C big animals. D small animals.

67. Genyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was A a delicacy. B very weak. C very small in size. D clumsy.

68. How many models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris? A One. B Two. C Three. D Four.

69. That Australia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming suggests that

A the climatic conditions were unfit for Genyornis to live.

B Genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions. C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis.

D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris. 70. The selection is mainly about

A the debate over the time of the human presence in Australia.

B the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction. C the relationship between human activities and climatic changes. D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction. Passage 4

66. 【正确答案】 ［C big animals. 【此题考点】 词语释义题。

【试题精解】 考生若是有必然的构词法知识一眼就可看出该题的答案。 “mega”在英文中指 “big”；fauna指 “animals” ，显然［C 为正确答案。考生若是没有这方面的知识，也能够利用上下文来判定。作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述： “Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.” 足见其大。 【考点出处】 第二段末句，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。 67. 【正确答案】 ［D clumsy. 【此题考点】 细节判定题。

【试题精解】 第三段中指出 “it is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting” “such characteristics” 指的是其 “heavy, short and thick”, 即 “clumsy”。

【考点出处】 依照第三段第二句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，［D 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。

68. 【正确答案】 ［C Three. 【此题考点】 细节判定题。

【试题精解】 文提到了三种：（1）Human hunting;（2）Climate;（3）Human impact and climate change。

【考点出处】 第二、三、四段中。

69. 【正确答案】 ［D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.

【此题考点】 推理暗示题。

【试题精解】 澳大利亚经历了 “mild cooling”, 美洲经历了 “rapid warming”, 而两个地址都显现了Genyornis的灭绝，说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么阻碍。在文中最后一段作者也指出 “the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.” 【考点出处】 第二段和第四段。

70. 【正确答案】 ［D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction. 【此题考点】 主旨大意题。

【试题精解】 本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种缘故，因此［D 为正确答案。

【考点出处】 考察对全文的明白得能力，事实上从第三题的做答中咱们就可得出解答该题的部份相关信息。 ■核心辞汇 .年代学 .发光

.错误的 ［同义 false, incorrect, inexact .巨型动物

.转变 ［同义 oscillation, rolling

.笨重的 ［同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky .食火鸡 ■全文精译

澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因

要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为同意的年代表一样也是困难的。而且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方式进展起来后，人们才确信53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，此刻已证明更久远的年代是错误的。

之因此把澳洲称为实验种族灭绝理论的天然实验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类抵达这儿的年代要远远先于抵达经历过巨型动物衰亡的其他（如欧洲和欧亚北部）的年代。Miller等人向咱们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝，这和人们普遍同意的人类抵达澳洲的时刻相当接近。这也是气候温和的时期，随后好久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变。Miller的资料支撑了以为人类捕猎而非气候转变是巨兽灭绝的缘故的观点。

“巨鸟”是远古时期一种巨型鸟类，重约80到100千克，是鸸鹋和食火鸡的两倍重。它是澳洲内陆和沿海地域的动物，但它的腿相对短而粗，证明它不如鸸鹋跑得快。坚持人类致使这种鸟灭绝的人说，它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到（be vulnerable to ...）捕杀。 在这一“灭绝争辩”中，新的学派又成立了。他们同意人类及气候因素结合致使（be responsible for ...）了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。新的巨鸟资料也减弱了这种争辩，缘故如下：50，000年前，澳洲气候慢慢变冷；11，000到12，000

年前，美洲气温迅速上升。这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合（be coincident with）。这说明，不管气候如何转变，巨型动物仍是难逃恶运。在这种情形下（under these conditions），这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类致使其灭绝的观点难以区别了。因为在他们眼里，气候阻碍是那么微弱，只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。 阅读明白得-----A

An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.

In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the \"If All of Seattle Read the Same Book \" project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.

In Chicago, the mayor(）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the \"One Book, One Chicago\" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.

The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on

one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy

And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.

Ultinatel was Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process. or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.

( ) 1. What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?

A. To invite authors to guide readers. B. To encourage people to read and share. C. To involve people in community service. D. To promote the friendship between cities.

( ) was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?

A. They had little interest in reading. B. They were too busy to read a book.

C. They came from many different backgrounds D. They lacked support from the local government

( ) 3. According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?

A. In large communities with little sense of unity B. In large cities where libraries are far from home C. In medium-sized cities with a diverse population D. In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached

( ) underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 5 probably mean

A. exchanged ideas with each other B. discussed the meaning of a word C. gamed life experience D. used the same language

( ) to Nacy, the degree of students of the project is judged by

A. the careful selection of a proper book B. the growing popularity of the writers

C. the number of people who benefit from reading. D. the number of books that each person reads.

【文章大意】文章鼓舞人们相互分享阅读的方式，并享受分享阅读的进程。

细节明白得题。定位关键词project launched。依照文章第二段的as well as promoting

reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.和who launched (发起）the \"If All of Seattle Read the Same Book可知答案为B。

细节明白得题。依照文章第四段The only problem arose in New York ,where local readers

could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. 唯一的问题也就产生了纽约,在那里,本地读者不能决定一本书代表庞大而多样化的人口。选C。

细节明白得题。依照文章第四段This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .可知答案。

词义猜想题。从上文阅读不仅要相互分享阅读的方式，还要享受分享阅读的进程。由

otherwise能够看出shared a word是指前者，相互分享阅读的方式。 主旨大意题。文章鼓舞人们相互分享阅读的方式，并享受分享阅读的进程。