2018年高考英语二轮复习专题05阅读理解Ⅱ：推理判断题(练)(含解析)

1.【2017·新课标全国III】D

The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.

These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”

“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”

Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.

“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.

“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”

33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A.It keeps them independent. B.It helps them save time. C.It builds up their strength.

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D.It cures their mental illnesses.

34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A.Improve their driving skills. B.Develop driver-assist technologles. C.Provide tips on repairing their cars. D.Organize regular physical checkups.

2.【2017·新课标全国III】B

Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.

The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though

the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.

Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town,” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”

Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build

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a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.

The theater audience said good-by as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on? A. It was an all-time classic. town.

C. The audience requested it. suitable.

27. What can we infer about the audience?

A. They are disappointed with Bradford. theater.

C. They are supportive of the city officials. shopping center.

D. They are eager to have a

B. They are sad to part with the old

D. The theater owner found it

B. It was about the history of the

3.[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]

A

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860—1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson(1907—19)

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If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the

world's lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O'Connor(1930—present)

When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913—2005)

On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil­rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.

24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative. C．They are pioneers. D．They are peace­lovers.

4.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]

B

Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”

A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans

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provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.

Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.

Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I'm just not creative.”

“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？” “Oh, sure.”

“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That's pretty creative. Who does that for you？”

“Nobody. I do it.”

“Really—at night, when you're asleep？” “Sure.”

“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay？”

5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________． A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting C. raise the students' interest in art D. teach the students about toy design

6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.

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5.[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]

D

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e­mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word­of­mouth communication—e­mails, Web posts and reviews, face­to­face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e­mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non­science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be

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aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.

13. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A. They're socially inactive. B. They're good at telling stories. C. They're inconsiderate of others. D. They're careful with their words.

6.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]

C

More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap­year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

This year, 25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．

That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.

But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show

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that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，” he said.

31. How does Owain James feel about the gap­year phenomenon? A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried. C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.

7.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]

A

My colour television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy­five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all­night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working

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altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.

24. How does the author sound when telling the story?

A．Curious. B．Anxious. C．Cautious. D．Humorous.

8.[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]

B

The freezing north­east hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part—particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold­weather root vegetables—was a 7 am adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake­up call.

The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am to 1 pm, rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red­painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.

Disappointed by many a broken, vine­ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I've refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table

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at the Brown's Grove Farm's stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal—and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months.

Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I'd be ordering every tomato on it.

26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? A．They are soft. B．They look nice. C．They taste great. D．They are juicy.

9.[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]

D

Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favourite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn't always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’， or ‘people think’，” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’．”

A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more un­French. But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: it's trying to help the city's troubled neighbourhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast­food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

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The city's “psychology cafes”， which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle­aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne's group just to learn to say what they feel. “There's a strong need in Paris for communication，” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn't exist，”she says.“If life weren't a battle, people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.”But then, it wouldn't be France.

33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A．They are less frequently visited. B．They stay open for longer hours. C．They have bigger night crowds. D．They start to serve fast food. 34. What are theme cafes expected to do? A．Create more jobs. B．Supply better drinks. C．Save the cafe business. D．Serve the neighbourhood.

35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris? A．They bring people true friendship. B．They give people spiritual support. C．They help people realize their dreams. D．They offer a platform for business links.

34．C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.”可以得出答案。故选C。

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35．B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“‘If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn't exist，’ she says.‘If life weren't a battle, people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.’But then, it wouldn't be France.”可知， 心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因是它们能给予人们精神上的支持。故选B。 10.【2014全国卷Ⅰ，A】

The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.

Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.

Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.

Between March 10 and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: http://cambridgesciencefestival.org. 【小题3】What type of writing is this text? A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report. 【答案】 【小题3】C

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th

st

11.【2012全国卷Ⅰ，C】

Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.

At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.

I started wondering why I refused to run the light I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.

Much later that night, the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I

stopped because it's part of a contract(契约)we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it is an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights. Trust is our first inclination(倾向).Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust. We do what we say

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we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.

I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night. 65. The event made the author strongly believe that __________. A. traffic rules may be unnecessary B. doubting others is human nature C. patience is important to drivers D. a society needs mutual trust 66. Why was the author proud of himself? A. He kept his promise. B. He held back his anger. C. He followed his inclination. D. He made a right decision. 【答案】 65. D 66. D 【解析】

65.

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66.

12.【2012全国卷Ⅱ，B】

You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.

First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.

Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.

If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat. 48. Where can you probably find the text? A. In a popular magazine. C. In a physics textbook. 【答案】 48. A

B. In a tourist guidebook. D. In an official report.

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13.【2012全国卷Ⅱ，E】

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can

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start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

57. What does the author think about the present generation? A. They don’t do well at school. B. They are often misunderstood. C. They are eager to win in sports.

D. They are given too much praise.

58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ . A. doesn’t want to work hard B. cares a lot about personal safety C. cannot share his ideas with others D. can succeed with the help of teachers 59. What does the growth mind-set believe? A. Admitting failure is shameful. B. Talent comes with one’s birth. C. Scores should be highly valued. D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study? A. Encourage them to learn from failures. B. Prevent them from making mistakes. C. Guide them in doing little things. D. Help them grow with praise. 【答案】 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. A

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57.

58. 【答案】A

【解析】根据文章第三段中的“The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.”可知：他相信成功但不想付出努力。 【考点定位】考查判断推理。 59

60.

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14.【2011全国卷Ⅰ，A】

When milk arrived on the doorstep

When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.

Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note-“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”-and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.

All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to out house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.

There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.

Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.

56. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer to __. A. to show his magical power. B. to pay for the delivery C. to satisfy his curiosity. D. to please his mother.

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57. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house? A. He wanted to have tea there. B. He was a respectable person. C. He was treated as a family member. D. He was fully trusted by the family.

58. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist? A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now. B. It has been driven out of the market. C. Its service is getting poor. D. It is forbidden by law.

59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box? A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories. C. He missed it for his milk bottles. D. He planted flowers in it. 【答案】 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. A 【解析】

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